MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G5_Beyond_U1W3_03.pdf

PAIREDREADThe Journey of Lewis and ClarkNarrative Nonfictionby Maria GillProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60CV_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 2CV_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 26/03/12 8:11 AM6/03/12 8:11 AMSTRATEGIES&SKILLSAPhotography Credit:Jeremy Woodhouse/Blend Images LLC,(bkgd)Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.Word Count:2,554*ComprehensionStrategy:Ask and Answer QuestionsSkill:Cause and EffectVocabulary StrategyHomographsVocabularydebris,emphasis,encounter,generations,indicated,naturalist,sheer,spectacularContent StandardsSocial StudiesHistory Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-118717-1MHID:0-02-118717-7Printed in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DOC 15 14 13 12 11 10IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 2IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 26/03/12 8:11 AM6/03/12 8:11 AMPAIREDREADIntroduction .2Chapter 1Verplanck Colvin.4Chapter 2Aldo Leopold .10Conclusion.16Respond to Reading.18The Journey of Lewis and Clark .19Glossary.22Index.23Focus on Social Studies.24Essential QuestionHow can experiencing nature change the way you think about it?by Maria Gillby Maria GillProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 1001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 16/03/12 10:16 AM6/03/12 10:16 AMHave you ever visited a place that was so special it s imprinted in your memory?How would you feel if that place were destroyed?The Grand Canyon,carved out over many years by the Colorado River,is world famous for its majestic scenery.Imagine signs covering its ancient rock walls,towns scattered across its remote valleys,and trash bobbing up and down in the Colorado River.Nearly 5 million tourists visit the Grand Canyon every year.They would be disappointed if they couldn t see any of its unique wildlife,such as black bears,bald eagles,and beavers,because the animals were extinct.Many explorers have been so deeply moved by a place that they devoted much of their lives to trying to save it from development.Naturalist Aldo Leopold made sure the Grand Canyon and its wildlife survive for future generations.Verplanck Colvin did the same for the Adirondack Mountains in New York State.The Grand Canyon is 277 miles long,15 miles wide at its widest point,and 6,000 feet deep at its deepest.Introduction2Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:602(t bkgd)Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images,(b)Medioimages/Photodisc/Getty Images001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 2001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 26/03/12 10:16 AM6/03/12 10:16 AMColvin and Leopold realized that human activities,such as logging and building roads,destroy precious wilderness areas.Both men recorded their observations in journals.They also tried to educate people about what would happen if the destruction weren t stopped.Colvin worked to safeguard forests in order to protect lakes and waters.He surveyed and mapped the Adirondack Mountains.In the process,he identified the source of the Hudson River.Aldo Leopold changed people s ideas about the importance of wildlife and the landscape.He also taught them how to take care of the environment.Cutting down trees and building roads can destroy the wilderness forever.3Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60gyggygDigital Vision001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 3001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 36/03/12 10:16 AM6/03/12 10:16 AMVerplanck Colvin was born in 1847 in Albany,New York.From an early age,Colvin showed an interest in science and nature and loved hiking in the hills.When he was 18,Colvin read Woods and Water,a book by local man Alfred Billings Street about his adventures in the Adirondack Mountains.Street described fishing in mountain lakes,traveling down fast-moving rivers,and camping in pine forests.These tales captured Colvin s imagination,and he set out to explore the Adirondacks.Colvin took many trips there.In 1869,he climbed Mount Marcy,the highest mountain in the Adirondacks.A year later,he climbed Mount Seward,another high and challenging mountain.The Adirondack Mountains,situated north of New York City,consist of more than 100 peaks.Verplanck ColvinChChChChapapapapteteteter r r r 1 1 1 14Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:604(tl)Protect!the Adirondacks and the Adirondack Research Library,(t bkgd)Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images,(b)Digital Vision/PunchStock001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 4001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 46/03/12 10:16 AM6/03/12 10:16 AMTHE Adirondack Mountains NEW YORK stateHudson riverTHE Adirondack Mountains NEW YORK stateYOeOOOOY Y Y YOOOOY Y Y Y verHudson river roverver r r r ronononHudson riverTHE ADIRONDACKSMt MarcyMt SewardAdirondackslakesRiverskey During his expeditions in the Adirondacks,Colvin realized that people were extracting the natural resources of the region with little thought for the effect their activities were having on the environment.They were mining and building canals that rerouted natural waterways.They were also logging vast areas of forest.Colvin saw the debris left by the loggers.He understood that this logging would have terrible consequences.Many of the river systems and waterways in New York State,including the Hudson River,originate in the Adirondack Mountains.Snow collects in the mountain forests during the winter,and in spring,it slowly melts and feeds the rivers and streams.The forest cover prevents the snow from evaporating or melting too rapidly.If too much land were cleared,this process would be altered.The source of water for the rivers and streams would be destroyed.5Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:605001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 5001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 56/03/12 10:16 AM6/03/12 10:16 AMThe Hudson:An American Heritage RiverThe Hudson River is 315 miles long.It begins at Lake Tear of the Clouds and flows to the Verrazano Narrows in New York Harbor.Because of the important role the river plays in providing a commercial and recreational waterway,it was designated an American Heritage River in 1998.Colvin knew that people in New York depended on the rivers and streams for water and transportation,so he lobbied the government to protect the land.On December 16,1870,Colvin carved a chunk of ice from the frozen upper reaches of the Hudson River.He took the ice to a meeting in New York City and arranged for it to be put into everyone s drinking glasses.Then he said:“The ice that tinkles in your goblets,and the pure water which upholds the ice,are both fresh from the head-waters of the Hudson.We must guard our water supply.and maintain the forests which protect the springs at the river sources.”He had put the ice in their glasses for emphasisto add strength to his argument.Many loggers lived in the Adirondacks while they were felling trees.6Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60E.F.Keller/CORBIS001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 6001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 66/03/12 10:16 AM6/03/12 10:16 AMAt this time,there were no reliable maps of the Adirondacks.Colvin believed accurate maps would make it easier to protect the area from development.In 1872,he convinced the government to let him survey and map the entire Adirondack region.He was appointed Secretary of the Commission of State Parks and asked to report back each year on his progress.Mapping the region was not an easy task,but Colvin approached it like a military operation.He called his team of men his“squad”and the surveyor in charge of each group an“officer.”Colvin and his team hiked across rough land,kayaked along rivers,and climbed over sheer mountains to draw their maps.Colvin even invented a portable boat that he could use to explore rivers.They also had to contend with dangerous wild animals.On one occasion,Colvin wrestled with a 7-foot-tall black bear.Another time,he had to shoot a panther that was stalking him.To create a map,the surface of the land needs to be surveyed to establish its height above sea level and its contours.7Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:607 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7Protect!the Adirondacks and the Adirondack Research Library001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 7001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 76/03/12 10:16 AM6/03/12 10:16 AMColvin spent 30 years surveying and mapping the Adirondacks.He sketched,mapped,and wrote notes in his journal about every lake,river,and forest that he saw.To help with this work,Colvin made improvements to the telescopes he used so that he could make more accurate measurements.Colvin discovered and named many lakes in the Adirondack area.He was also the first person to discover the source of the Hudson River,Lake Tear of the Clouds.“But how wild and desolate this spot!.First seen as we then saw it,dark and dripping with the moisture of the heavens.”Verplanck ColvinHow to Measure a MountainColvin used a surveying method called triangulation.He positioned his men around the mountain.He measured a line(from point A to point B)using a chain(measuring 66 feet in length)as a tape measure.Then from the top of the mountain(point C),Colvin used a telescope to figure out the angles between the three points.He used those angles to figure out the distances between the points.These calculations also gave him the height of the mountain.This drawing shows Colvin and his team at Lake Tear of the Clouds.8Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60Protect!the Adirondacks and the Adirondack Research Library001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 8001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 86/03/12 10:16 AM6/03/12 10:16 AMWhile he was working on the maps,Colvin also lobbied people in the government,gave lectures,and wrote editorials explaining why it was important to protect the Adirondacks.In 1885,the area became a forest preserve.Then in 1892,Colvin and other naturalists succeeded in having it named a park.Finally in 1894,a law was passed that the park was to be“forever kept as wild.”This meant that no part of the land could ever be developed.At 6 million acres,the park is larger than the Yellowstone,Yosemite,Grand Canyon,Great Smoky Mountains,and Everglades national parks combined!Colvin died in 1920,but people still enjoy what he has left behind:the natural wilderness of Adirondack Park.ACB9Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:609(br)Michael Melford/Getty Images001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 9001009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 96/03/12 10:16 AM6/03/12 10:16 AMThis stream is in a remote part of the Apache National Forest.AldoLeopoldChChChChapapapapteteteter r r r 2 2 2 2Like Verplanck Colvin,Aldo Leopold loved the outdoors.Leopold was born in 1887 in Burlington,Iowa.As a young boy,Leopold loved to set out with Spud,his Irish terrier,to investigate the woods near his home.He also enjoyed hunting with his father.Leopold was so interested in nature that sometimes he was late for class,having spent too much time looking at wildlife on the way to school.Leopold studied forestry in college.After graduating in 1909,he got his first job,in the Apache National Forest in Arizona.Leopold was enchanted by the environment,with its mountains sloping down to meadows dotted with wildflowers.In his spare time,he enjoyed hunting game,such as deer and ducks,and mapping the area.10Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60DesignPics/RavenRegan(tl)Aldo Leopold Foundation,(t bkgd)Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images,(br)George H.H.Huey/CORBIS010018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 10010018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 106/03/12 8:09 AM6/03/12 8:09 AMAs a ranger,Leopold shot mountain lions,but later he fought to protect them.Leopold believed that to protect game animals,the forests they lived in needed to be protected as well.He wrote newspaper articles arguing that people needed to consider“the effect on the forest”before they developed the land.He also wrote a book,Game and Fish Handbook,in which he said,“The value of game lies in its variety as well as its abundance.”Leopold believed that unless game animal populations were managed,there wouldn t be enough game to hunt.He asked rangers,ranchers,and farmers to count the numbers and types of animals in their regions.This would help him to get a true idea of which animals were in need of protection.Leopold was in favor of shooting predators,such as mountain lions,wolves,coyotes,foxes,bobcats,and bears.He thought that these animals had to be controlled to protect the game animal populations.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:6011Design Pics/Raven Regan010018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 11010018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 116/03/12 8:09 AM6/03/12 8:09 AMIt wasn t until 25 years later when Leopold traveled to the Sierra Madre in Mexico on a hunting trip that he changed his ideas about predators.He saw that the forest where he was hunting was an“unspoiled wilderness”in contrast to the forests he had known.Leopold thought it was the healthiest land he had ever seen.He asked himself what the difference was between the two environments.He realized that diversity of species is an important factor and that predators are a necessary part of the forest ecosystem.If you remove them from the forest,you upset the balance in the community.After shooting a wolf,Leopold wrote,“I thought that because fewer wolves meant more deer,that no wolves would mean hunters paradise.But after shooting the wolf I sensed that neither the wolf nor the mountain agreed with such a view.”12Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60Nature Picture Library/Alamy010018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 12010018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L60_B_118718.indd 126/03/12 8:09 AM6/03/12 8:09 AMLeopold saw this happening in the forests of Wisconsin when he transferred there in 1924.Deer and other game animals had been protected,while wolves and mountain lions had been shot to near extinction.As a result,the deer population had exploded.The deer destroyed forests by nibbling everything in their reach.Then in winter,many deer died or became weak and sick because there was not enough food for them.In 1942,L