@翻了个译，MTI专业辅导@翻了个译，MTI专业辅导Nowwhatisextraordinaryaboutthisis,whatgivesChinaitssenseofbeingChina,whatgivestheChinesethesenseofwhatitistobeChinese,comesnotfromthelasthundredyears,notfromthenation-stateperiod,whichiswhathappenedintheWest,butfromtheperiod,ifyoulike,ofthecivilization-state.I'mthinkinghere,forexample,ofcustomslikeancestralworship,ofaverydistinctivenotionofthestate,likewise,averydistinctivenotionofthefamily,socialrelationshipslikeguanxi,Confucianvaluesandsoon.Theseareallthingsthatcomefromtheperiodofthecivilization-state.Inotherwords,China,unliketheWesternstatesandmostcountriesintheworld,isshapedbyitssenseofcivilization,itsexistenceasacivilization-state,ratherthanasanation-state.Andthere'soneotherthingtoaddtothis,andthatisthis:OfcourseweknowChina'sbig,huge,demographicallyandgeographically,withapopulationof1.3billionpeople.Whatweoftendon'treallyawareofisthefactthatChinaisextremelydiverseandverypluralistic,andinmanywaysverydecentralized.Youcan'trunaplaceonthisscalesimplyfromBeijing,eventhoughwethinkthistobethecase.It'sneverbeenthecase.SothisisChina,acivilization-state,ratherthananation-state.Andwhatdoesitmean?Well,Ithinkithasallsortsofprofoundimplications.I'llgiveyoutwoquickones.ThefirstisthatthemostimportantpoliticalvaluefortheChineseisunity,isthemaintenanceofChinesecivilization.Youknow,2,000yearsago,Europe:breakdown--thefragmentationoftheHolyRomanEmpire.Itdivided,andit'sremaineddividedeversince.China,overthesametimeperiod,wentinexactlytheoppositedirection,verypainfullyholdingthishugecivilization,civilization-state,together.Thesecondismaybemoreprosaic,whichisHongKong.DoyourememberthehandoverofHongKongbyBritaintoChinain1997?YoumayrememberwhattheChineseconstitutionalpropositionwas.Onecountry,twosystems.AndI'lllayawagerthatbarelyanyoneintheWestbelievedthem."Windowdressing.WhenChinagetsitshandsonHongKong,thatwon'tbethecase."Thirteenyearson,thepoliticalandlegalsysteminHongKongisasdifferentnowasitwasin1997.Wewerewrong.Whywerewewrong?Wewerewrongbecausewethought,naturallyenough,innation-stateways.ThinkofGermanunification,1990.Whathappened?Well,basicallytheEastwasswallowedbytheWest.Onenation,onesystem.Thatisthenation-statementality.Butyoucan'trunacountrylikeChina,acivilization-state,onthebasisofonecivilization,onesystem.Itdoesn'twork.SoactuallytheresponseofChinatothequestionofHongKong--asitwillbetothequestionofTaiwan--wasanaturalresponse:onecivilization,manysystems.
