第58卷第1期2024年1月原子能科学技术AtomicEnergyScienceandTechnologyVol.58,No.1Jan.2024多元(U,Zr,Nb)C燃料制备技术与性能机理研究吴学志,魏国良,郭骁(中国原子能科学研究院反应堆工程技术研究所,北京102413)摘要:多元(U,Zr,Nb)C燃料因具有熔点高、热导率高、低裂变气体释放率及优异的高温力学性能等优点,是目前大功率空间核推进反应堆选用燃料之一。本文采用碳热还原和液相烧结相结合的粉末冶金工艺制备多元(U,Zr,Nb)C燃料芯块,研究了工艺参数对烧结芯块反应动力学、相结构、导热性能和微观结构的作用机制和影响规律。结果表明:在1800℃、50MPa和1h的烧结条件下,通过添加0.5%金属铀形成的液相烧结工艺制备得到芯块密度可达95.5%TD;当原料M/C(M为金属元素总量)摩尔比为1:6.5时,可制备得到M/C比为1的正化学计量碳化物燃料;(Uo.2,Zr,Nb)C的晶格常数比(Uo.1,Zr,Nb)C的晶格常数略高;多元(U,Zr,Nb)C碳化物燃料芯块热导率与相成分、密度和温度均有关;芯块气孔分布较均匀,没有联通的开气孔存在,气孔尺寸在1~3μm。关键词:多元;核推进;燃料;碳热还原;液相烧结中图分类号:TL352.21doi:10.7538/yzk.2023.youxian.0062PreparationTechnologyandPerformanceMechanismofMulti-element(U,Zr,Nb)CFuelWUXuezhi,WEIGuoliang,GUOXiao(ReactorEngineeringTechnologyResearchInstitute,ChinaInstituteofAtomicEnergy,Beijing102413,China)Abstract:Highthrustnuclear-poweredspacecraftisthekeytechnologyfordeepspaceexplorationandlowEarthorbittransportationinthefuture,thenuclearthermalpropul-sionsystemhastheadvantagesofhighspecificimpulse,highthrust,longoperatinglifeandrepeatablestart-up,whichcanprovidereliablepowersupportforfuturedeepspaceexplorationmissions.Multi-element(U,Zr,Nb)Cfuelisoneoftheselectedfuelsforhigh-powerspacenuclearpropulsionreactorsduetoitshighmeltingpoint,highthermalconductivity,lowfissiongasreleaserateandexcellenthigh-temperaturemechanicalproperties.Inthispaper,multi-element(U,Zr,Nb)Cfuelpelletswerepreparedbypowdermetallurgyprocesscombiningcarbothermalreductionandliquidphasesintering.Themechanismandinfluenceofprocessparametersonreactionkinetics,phasestruc-ture,thermalconductivityandmicrostructureofsinteredpelletswerestudied.Theresultsshowt...