Dr.DonaldR.BearUniversityofNevada,RenoReno,NevadaDr.JaniceA.DoleUniversityofUtahSaltLakeCity,UtahDr.DouglasFisherSanDiegoStateUniversitySanDiego,CaliforniaDr.VickiGibsonLongmireLearningCenter,Inc.CollegeStation,TexasDr.JanaEchevarriaCaliforniaStateUniversity,LongBeachLongBeach,CaliforniaDr.JanE.HasbrouckEducationalConsultant-J.H.ConsultingSeattle,WashingtonDr.ScottG.ParisUniversityofMichiganAnnArbor,MichiganDr.TimothyShanahanUniversityofIllinoisatChicagoChicago,IllinoisDr.JosefinaV.TinajeroUniversityofTexasatElPasoElPaso,TexasAReading/LanguageArtsProgramProgramAuthorsContributorsTimeMagazine,AcceleratedReaderStudentswithprintdisabilitiesmaybeeligibletoobtainanaccessible,audioversionofthepupileditionofthistextbook.PleasecallRecordingfortheBlind&Dyslexicat1-800-221-4792forcompleteinformation.APublishedbyMacmillan/McGraw-Hill,ofMcGraw-HillEducation,adivisionofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,TwoPennPlaza,NewYork,NewYork10121.Copyright©2009byMacmillan/McGraw-Hill.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretrievalsystem,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,including,butnotlimitedto,networkstorageortransmission,orbroadcastfordistancelearning.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica123456789071/0431110090807XXXXXXiiUnit2ResearchRESEARCHWhyItMattersPhonicsPhonicsinstructionteacheswhichlettersorlettercombinationsinprintsymbolizethesoundsinaspokenword.Ithelpschildrenunderstandandusethealphabeticprincipleto“soundout”ordecodewordsandconnectedtextinphrases,sentences,andparagraphs.Effectivephonicsinstructiondirectlyteacheschildrenhowtouselettersoundstodecodewordsbyblendingtheseparatesoundstogethertoformaword.Knowledgeofphonicsalsohelpschildrenwithspelling.Phonicsinstructionbuildsuponchildren’sdevelopingphonologicalandphonemicawarenessbylinkingtheauditoryandvisualsystemsinthebrainthatareneededtomakemeaningofprintedtext.Childrenofallabilitylevelswilllearnphonicsskillsbestwhentheyaretaughtthrou...
