2.当0a,2b时,线性方程组有解,转化为:1234523451,2263,xxxxxxxxx取3xa,4xb,5xc为自由变量,解得3xa,4xb,5xc,23226xabc,152xabc.3.当0和1时,无解.当0或1时,有解.取3xa,4xb,则22xba,144xab.第2章1.1321A,3012B,计算得762318AB,3303ABBA,22160511AB.2.222200442ABBA,668()211202TAB,444013004TTAB.3.(1)326510121101224012421010211;(2)1212323210113710324815;(3)1231121;(4)123112312311231;(5)111121311111211322122232212222233313233331332333aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa;(6)133131112111212123323212212122223333331321312323433434142141242aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa;(7)1112131123212223211112123133132333()aaaxxxxaaaxxaxaxaxaaax21212223233131232333()()xaxaxaxxaxaxax.4.解:因为A与B可交换,所以ABBA,又因为A是对角矩阵,所以可得111112111112121221222221212222121122nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb,其中主对角线元素都相等,对于非主对角元,应有()0,ijijbij又因为ij,所以只能有0ijb,当ij时。即B也是对角矩阵。5.(1)1516()823fA;(2)140()6110201fA;(3)004()251034fA.6.()TTTTAAAAAA,()()TTTTAAAAAA.7.()TTTTTCACCACCAC8.必要性.若AB对称,则()TTTABABBABA,即AB可交换.充分性.若AB可交换,即ABBA,则()TTTABBABAAB,即AB对称.