AletteronphysiologyforSeven-year-English-medicalClassChapter1Introduction1．Whatisphysiology1).physiologyisoneofthebiologicalsciencesisastudyofthenormalfunctioninlivingbodyisastudyofthespecificfunctionchangeandmechanismsofthehumanbodyundervariouscondition2.basicprinciplesoflivingbody.1).Metabolism:catabolism:catabolicreactioninvolvethebreakdownoflarger,morecomplexmoleculesintosmaller,simplermolecules,duringwhichenergyisreleasedfortheactivityofthebody.Anabolism:anabolicreactioninvolvethesynthesisofcomplexmoleculesfromsimplerones.Anabolismandcatabolismaretwoopposingactivitiestakingplacesimultaneouslyinthecell.2).Reactionandexcitabilityexcitatory(excitation):increaseinactivityinhibitory(inhibition):decreaseinactivityExcitabletissue:muscle.Nerve.GlandExcitement:bioelectricalreaction(AP)Excitability:theabilitytogivebioelectricalreactionwhenbestimulatedStimulus:changesintheexternalorinternalenvironmentcaninducereactionoflivingbody.Thresholdstimulation:thesmallestintensityofstimuluswhichcanelicitexcitementofthelivingbody.*Thehighertheintensityofstimulusneeded(thethresholdofstimulus),thelowertheexcitability,andviceverse.3).reproduction:aprocessbywhichananimalproducesoneormoreindividualssimilartoitself.3.homeostasis1).internalenvironmentoflivingbodyinternalenvironmentoflivingbody=extracellularfliud(plasma,lymph,interstitialfliud)2).homeostasisitisinactivityequilibriumbyregulationtomaintainconstantconditionofinternalenvironmentin;livingbodyexample:t37degreeph7.35-7.45bp110/70mmg4.typeoftheregulationonbodyfunction1).nervousregulation:nervoussystemreflexactivityreflexarc:receptor,afferentnervefiber,reflexcenter,efferentnervefiber,effector12)humoralregulationandneuro-humoralregulationadistalcrinestiorgan,tissuehormone(circulation)othertissueclocateddistancetoplayregulationrolebneuro-humoralregulationcns(+)hormonetargetcellcparacrinregulationstitissueorcellshormoneorchemicalsubstancediffusiontonearbytissuephysiologicalroleparacrine:somehormonescandiffusethroughinterstitialfliu...
