@翻了个译，MTI专业辅导@翻了个译，MTI专业辅导Thepencilisaverysimpleobject.It'smadeofwoodwithsomelayersofpaintaneraserandacore,whichismadeoutofgraphite,clayandwater.Yeah,ittookhundredsofpeopleovercenturiestocometothisdesign.Andit'sthatlonghistoryofcollaborationthat,tome,makesitaveryperfectobject.Thestoryofthepencilstartswithgraphite.Peoplestartedfindingreallyusefulapplicationsforthisnewsubstance.TheycutitintosmallsticksandwrappeditinstringorsheepskinorpaperandsolditonthestreetsofLondontobeusedforwritingorfordrawingor,alotoftimes,byfarmersandshepherds,whousedittomarktheiranimals.OverinFrance,Nicolas-JacquesContéfiguredoutamethodofgrindingthegraphite,mixingitwithpowderedclayandwatertomakeapaste.Fromthere,thispastewasfilledintoamoldandfiredinakiln,andtheresultwasareallystronggraphitecorethatwasn'tbreakable,thatwassmooth,usable--itwassomuchbetterthananythingelsethatexistedatthetime,andtothisday,that'sthemethodthat'sstillusedinmakingpencils.Meanwhile,overinAmerica,inConcord,Massachusetts,itwasHenryDavidThoreauwhocameupwiththegradingscalefordifferenthardnessesofpencil.Itwasgradedonethroughfour,numbertwobeingtheidealhardnessforgeneraluse.Thesofterthepencil,themoregraphiteithadinit,andthedarkerandsmootherthelinewillbe.Thefirmerthepencil,themoreclayithadinitandthelighterandfineritwillbe.Originally,whenpencilswerehandmade,theyweremaderound.Therewasnoeasywaytomakethem,anditwastheAmericanswhoreallymechanizedthecraft.AlotofpeoplecreditJosephDixonforbeingoneofthefirstpeopletostartdevelopingactualmachinestodothingslikecutwoodslats,cutgroovesintothewood,applygluetothem...Andtheyfiguredoutitwaseasierandlesswastefultodoahexagonalpencil,andsothatbecamethestandard.Sincetheearlydaysofpencils,peoplehavelovedthattheycanbeerased.Originally,itwasbreadcrumbsthatwereusedtoscratchawaypencilmarksandlater,rubberandpumice.Theattachederaserhappenedin1858,whenAmericanstationerHymenLipmanpatentedthefirstpencilwithanattachederaser,whichreallychangedthepencilgame.Theworld'sfirstyellowpencilwastheKOH-I-NOOR1500.KOH-I-NOORdidthiscrazythingwheretheypaintedthispencilwith14coatsofyellowpaintanddippedtheendin14-caratgold.@翻了个译，MTI专业辅导@翻了个译，MTI专业辅导Thereisapencilforeveryone,andeverypencilhasastory.TheBlackwing602isfamousforbeingusedbyalotofwriters,especiallyJohnSteinbeckandVladimirNabokov.Andthen,youhavetheDixonpencilcompany.They'reresponsiblefortheDixonTiconderoga.It'sanicon,it'swhatpeoplethinkofwhentheythinkofapencilandwhattheythinkofwhentheythinkofschool.Andthepencil'sreallyathingthat,Ithink,theaverageuserhasneverthoughttwiceabout,howit'smadeorwhyit'smadethewayitis,becauseit'sjustalwaysbeenthatway.Inmyopinion,there'snothingthatcanbedonetomakethepencilbetterthanitis.It'sperfect.
