第三章放射性核素的衰变(shuāibiàn)规律Radioactivedecay第一页，共一百一十五页。第一页，共一百一十五页。目的(mùdì)•熟悉各种(ɡèzhǒnɡ)衰变的特点•掌握衰变规律与活度计算•了解放射性平衡及放射系第二页，共一百一十五页。第二页，共一百一十五页。内容(nèiróng)•α衰变(shuāibiàn)•β衰变•γ衰变•衰变规律•放射性平衡•放射系第三页，共一百一十五页。第三页，共一百一十五页。引言(yǐnyán)•放射性的发现(fāxiàn)：贝可勒尔与居里夫妇•放射线的分类及本质•放射性与放射性核素的概念•自发的含义•核衰变的概念与分类•各种放射性核素通过衰变趋向β稳定线•对各类衰变，要求熟悉其含义、方程、对象、能量和纲图第四页，共一百一十五页。第四页，共一百一十五页。HenriBecquerel•1852~1908,France•Frenchphysicistwhodiscoveredradioactivitythroughhisinvestigationsofuraniumandothersubstances.In1903hesharedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicswithPierreandMarieCurie第五页，共一百一十五页。第五页，共一百一十五页。MarieCurie•bornNov.7,1867,Warsaw,Poland,RussianEmpirediedJuly4,1934,nearSallanches,France•Polish-bornFrenchphysicistfamousforherworkonradioactivityandtwiceawinneroftheNobelPrize.WithHenriBecquerelandherhusband,PierreCurie,shewasawardedthe1903NobelPrizeforPhysics.Shewasthensolewinnerofthe1911NobelPrizeforChemistry.ShewasthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrize第六页，共一百一十五页。第六页，共一百一十五页。PierreCurie•bornMay15,1859,Paris,FrancediedApril19,1906,Paris•FrenchphysicalchemistandcowinneroftheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903.Heandhiswife,MarieCurie,discoveredradiumandpoloniumintheirinvestigationofradioactivity.第七页，共一百一十五页。第七页，共一百一十五页。放射线的分类(fēnlèi)及本质第八页，共一百一十五页。第八页，共一百一十五页。放射性(radioactivity)•原子核自发放出α、β、γ等粒子(lìzǐ)的性质•thespontaneousdisintegrationofatomicnuclei,withtheemissionofusu.penetratingradiationorparticles(Oxford)•propertyexhibitedbycertaintypesofmatterofemittingenergyandsubatomicparticlesspontaneously.Itis,inessence,anattributeofindividualatomicnuclei.(EB)•Note:amajorsourceofheatintheinteriorofboththeEarthandthe...
