抗结核新药研究进展北京市结核病胸部肿瘤研究所首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院陆宇2015年11月•新药与新药研发过程32•抗结核新药研发目标•新药研究的挑战内容•新药与新方案研究41合成筛选TheLongRoadtoaNewMedicineI期临床试验II期临床试验III期临床试验临床前安全有效性药物制剂候选化合物初步安全有效性研究设计申请证书上市ProcessofDrugDevelopment新药研发策略作用于全细胞的新药筛选根据其能同时作用于多个靶位的特点,可能会发现具有新作用机制的化合物可发现只有经过细菌修饰后才能产生抗菌活性的前药(INH和PZA)用该筛选途径找到的化合物已经具备在有效浓度下渗透入细胞内并到达其作用靶位的能力候选药物因在病原菌中的作用靶位与人体细胞的类似而宣告放弃以作用靶位为基础的新药筛选注重于病原菌独有的靶位和生化过程简便,但获得候选药物的机会较全细胞筛选法小,发现的候选化合物也可能因其不能穿过细胞膜或不能绕过微生物防卫系统而在全细胞分析中显示无效01/20/2025抗结核新药研发及其进展5临床前评价NewCompoundsMtbMICSolubilityCytotoxicityP450InhibitionMicrosomeStabilityPKinMice/RatsMouseTBModelhERG/QTMutagenicityIND-EnablingMtbLORAUVSpectrumMtbMICMouseTBModel100%~50%~20%10-20compounds1-2compoundsTestingnewdrugs/combinationsPhaseI(healthyvolunteers)Dosefinding/tolerabilityPK/DruginteractionsPhaseII(TBpatients)EBA(2wks.)andSSCC(8wks.)QuantitativeCultures/timetoconversion+PK/PDPhaseIII(TBpatients)LargescaleclinicaltrialsTreatmentfailure/relapseTolerability/safety周期长高投入、高风险涉及面广,操作复杂新药研发的特点CurrentTherapyandUnmetNeedsinTB01/20/2025Needfornewantituberculosisdrugsandregimenslatenttuberculosisinfectionfrombothdrug-sensitiveanddrug-resistantstrainsofM.TBinteractwithantiretroviraltherapy(ART)NewdrugsbecompatiblewithconcomitantARTAndhavenoantagonisticactivityagainstothertuberculosisdrugsinthetreatmentregimenImprovetreatmentoflatenttuberculosisinfection---thewayforwardforeliminationoftuberculosis.ThegrowingglobalproblemofMDRandXDRtuberculosisshorter,moretolerable,andmoreeffectivenewregimensClinicalTrialsurgentlyneededtreatmentofdrug-sensitivediseaseislongshortenregimens:reducebothtotalle...