第48卷第1期2024年1月doi:10.11832/j.issn.1000-4858.2024.01.013叶顶间隙对低比转数小流量泵性能的影响郝开元，安东森（北京航天动力研究所，北京100076）摘要：为建立叶顶间隙对低比转速小流量泵性能的影响关系，采用数值计算的方法，以叶顶间隙宽s和叶轮出口宽b的比值（s/b)表征间隙大小，对不同间隙下泵的性能展开对比分析。分析发现，随着间隙的增加，泵的扬程和效率均逐渐降低，最大和最小间隙下的扬程和效率差分别达15.4%,5.5%。当间隙较小即s/b<0.2时，扬程曲线在小流量工况会出现不稳定的“驼峰”现象，在s/b>0.3后，设计工况附近效率的降幅显著增大。从流动特性来看,随着叶顶间隙的增大，间隙泄漏流对叶轮内主流区影响加剧，会诱导严重的二次流和旋涡的产生，同时间隙内不稳定流动也会产生能量损失，造成扬程和效率下降。为低比转数小流量泵的设计与优化提供借鉴意义。关键词：离心泵；叶顶间隙；低比转数；小流量中图分类号：TH137;TH311文献标志码：B文章编号：1000-4858(2024)01-0108-07EffectofTipClearanceonLowSpecificSpeedandLowFlowPumpPerformanceAbstract:Toestablishtherelationshipbetweentipclearanceandperformanceoflowspecificspeedsmallflowpumps.Bymeansofnumericalcalculation,thegapsizeischaracterizedbytipclearancewidth“"s"andimpelleroutletwidth“b"”ratio,andthepumpcharacteristicsunderdifferentclearancesarecompared.Withtheincreaseofclearance,pumpheadandefficiencygraduallydecrease.Differenceofheadandefficiencyunderthemaximumandminimumclearanceis15.4%and5.5%respectively.Whentheclearanceissmall(s/b<0.2),unstable“hump"phenomenonwilloccurintheheadcurveundersmallflowconditions.Afters/b>0.3,theefficiencyreductionnearthedesignconditionswillincreasesignificantly.Intermsofflowcharacteristics,theincreaseoftipclearancewillresultinclearanceflowaffectingimpellerflowmoreseriously,leadingtoseveresecondaryflowandvortex.Meanwhile,unstableflowwithintipclearancecanalsocauseenergyloss.Finally,headandefficiencyaredecrease.Thestudyprovidesareferenceforthedesignandoptimizationoflowspecificspeedsmallflowpump.Keywords:centrifugalpump,tipclearance,lowspecificspeed,smallflowrate引言所谓低比转数小流量泵通常指比转数为20~80且工作流量小于1m/h的泵,此种...
