近代来华传教士雒魏林对《种痘法》的翻译及原因分析*李计筹1郭强1摘要:《种痘法》是中国人痘术理论技术经验的结晶,被多位近代来华传教士翻译成英文传至西方,尤其以雒魏林的译本最为完整,虽然其译本存在错译、漏译现象,但对该书完整地传至西方贡献很大。雒魏林翻译该书的原因有三:一是中医对天花的病因病机认识深刻且治疗规范成熟;二是部分种痘法则契合现代西医理念;三是希望通过种痘慈善活动开拓医疗传教事业。《种痘法》是19世纪初来华新教传教士翻译的中医著作的代表,反映了在近代西医东渐过程中,中医并非只是单一受西方医学影响的对象,某些传统中医的理论和技术同样具有超前性和现代性,对当时世界医学的发展做出了重要贡献。关键词:《种痘法》,天花,人痘术,传教士,翻译中图分类号:R-09文献标识码:A文章编号:1002-0772(2024)08-0074-04DOI:10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2024.08.19TheTranslationof"InoculationforSmallpox"byMissionaryWilliamLockhartWhoCametoChinainModernTimesandtheReasonAnalysisofHisTranslationLIJichou1,GUOQiang1.1.SchoolofBasicMedicine,GuangzhouUniversityofChineseMedicine,Guangzhou510006,ChinaAbstract:"InoculationforSmallpox"istheculminationofChinesesmallpoxtheory,technique,andexperience.ItwastranslatedintoEnglishbymanymissionarieswhocametoChinainmoderntimesanddisseminatedtotheWest,withWilliamLockhart'stranslationbeingthemostcomprehensive.Althoughtherewereerrorsandomissionsinhistranslation,hehadmadeagreatcontributiontothecompletetransmissionofthebooktotheWest.TherearethreereasonswhyWilliamLockharttranslatedthisbook:firstly,TraditionalChineseMedicinehasaprofoundunderstandingoftheetiologyandpathology,andtreatmentofsmallpox;secondly,someoftheinoculationrulesinthebookarealignedwithmodernwesternmedicineconcepts;thirdly,hehopedtodevelopmedicalmissionarycareersthroughcharitablevaccinationactivities.The"InoculationforSmallpox"wasarepresentativeofthetranslationofChinesemedicalworksbyProtestantmissionariesinChinaintheearly19thcentury,reflectingthatduringthewesternizationofmedicine,TraditionalChineseMedicinewasnotmerelyinfluencedbywesternmedicinebutalsohadforward-lookingandmodernaspects.Ithadanimpacto...