Thefieldandsubfieldsofpsychologyarebroadinscopeandcolossalinsize.Fourmajorareasofpsychologyaresocialpsychology,counselingpsychology,biologicalpsychology/neuroscience,andcognitivepsychology.Socialpsychologyisthestudyofthoughts,behaviors,andfeelingsinthepresenceorimaginedpresenceofothers.Steinbergstatesthat,“majorcausesofmorbidityandmortalityamongAmericanteenagersareself-inflictedbehaviors.”Heindicates“thatit’snothardtochangepeople’sattitudesandknowledgebutit’sreallyhardtochangetheirbehavior”{,#116}.Counselingpsychologycoverstheareaofpersonalandinterpersonalfunctioning.Traineesandtrainersincounselingpsychologyprogramsareexpectedtobecommittedtothesocialvaluesofrespectfordiversity,inclusion,andequity{Bieschke,2009#120}.Biopsychologyisabranchofpsychologythatanalyzeshowthebrainandneurotransmittersinfluenceourbehaviors,thoughtsandfeelings–thestateofthebodyiscentraltoguidingmotivationalbehaviors{Berridge,2010#1157}.Thisfieldcanbethoughtofasacombinationofbasicpsychologyandneuroscience{Cherry,2012#1207}.Cognitivepsychologyisthebranchofpsychologythatstudiesmentalprocesses,includinghowpeoplethink,perceive,remember,andlearn{Cherry,2012#1207}.Theconsciousnessofthehumanmind{TheOpenUniversity,2010#1159}haslongbeenatopicoffascinationandcuriosityamongstwriters,artists,andpsychologists.Ultimately,themodelforcognitivetherapyproposesthatdysfunctionalthinking(whichinfluencesthepatient’smoodandbehavior)iscommontoallpsychologicaldisturbancesandthatwhiletherapymustbetailoredtotheindividual,thereare,nevertheless,certainprinciplesthatunderliecognitivebehaviortherapyforallpatients{Beck,2011#1467}.
