中国水稻科学(ChinJRiceSci),2023,37(5):459－469http://www.ricesci.cn459DOI:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.230105谷物糊粉层发育的调控机制及其育种应用王腾蛟陈忱*(扬州大学江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室/植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室,扬州225009;*通信联系人,email:chenchen@yzu.edu.cn)MechanismsBehindAleuroneDevelopmentinCerealsandItsApplicationinBreedingWANGTengjiao,CHENChen*(JiangsuKeyLaboratoryofCropGenomicsandMolecularBreeding/KeyLaboratoryofPlantFunctionalGenomicsoftheMinistryofEducation,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225009,China;*Correspondingauthor,email:chenchen@yzu.edu.cn)Abstract:Theoutmostlayerofendospermcellsdifferentiatesintoalleuronecellsduringseeddevelopment,whichdistinguishthemselvesfromtheinnerendospermcellsmorphologicallyandphysiologically.Forexample,thealeuronelayerisrichinproteins,lipids,vitamins,dietaryfibersandmineralelements.Thealeuronecellssecreteamylaseandproteaseforhydrolyzingreservesaccumulatedintheendosperm.Severalkeygenesinvolvedintheregulationofaleuronecelldifferentiationanddevelopmenthavebeenidentifiedwiththemutantsshowingaleuronedefects,deepeningourunderstandingofthealeuronecellfatedetermination.Ithasbeenproposedthatincreasingthenumberofaleuronelayersmayhelpimprovenutritionalqualityofcereals.Inthisreview,takingriceasanexample,wesummarizedthedifferentiationanddevelopmentregulationsofaleuroneincereals.Wealsodiscussedthepotentials,issuesandpossiblesolutionsforbreedinghigh-nutritioncerealsbyimprovingthealeurone-relatedtraits.Keywords:aleuronelayer;aleuronecell;celldifferentiation;geneticregulation;nutritionimprovement摘要：植物最外层胚乳细胞在种子发育过程中分化为糊粉层细胞，其在形态和生理功能上均显著区别于内胚乳细胞。与淀粉胚乳不同，糊粉层富含蛋白质、脂类、维生素、膳食纤维、矿质元素和抗氧化物等多种营养物质。同时，在种子萌发过程中，糊粉层细胞能够分泌淀粉酶和蛋白酶分解种子内积累的储藏物质，为种子萌发提供能量。目前利用突变体材料，克隆了一些控制糊粉层细胞分化的关键基因，相关研究极大深化了我们对糊粉层细胞命运决定的认识。同时，由于糊粉层富含各种营...
