64关键词：帝陵，因山为陵，陵区，堪舆摘要：本文重点探讨了三个问题，即因山为陵、陵区制和堪舆理念。因山为陵本意在于利用山体或高地进行埋葬，墓穴有竖穴和横穴两种类型，竖穴型定型于秦始皇陵，对东晋南朝、金帝陵有一定影响；横穴型定型于东汉帝陵，被西晋帝陵和唐陵所继承。自战国时期确立的独立陵园制，至汉晋时期发展成为陵区制度，体现皇权与中央集权的对立统一格局，以及“家国同构”的核心价值，宋以后集中陵区成为一种制度。堪舆理念对帝陵选址的影响大约从南朝开始逐步加深，至明清成为多种“趋利避害”理念的混合体，其中唐宋时期帝陵所用堪舆术与民间分野明显，反映出强化皇权统治的政治诉求。KEYWORDS:Imperialmausoleums,YinshanWeiling(Mausoleumsonmountains),Mausoleumarea,KanyugeomancyABSTRACT:Thisarticleexploresthreeissuesrelatedtotheconstructionofmausoleums:‘yinshanweiling’(mausoleumsonmountains),mausoleumarea,andKanyugeomancy.Theoriginalideaof‘yinshanweiling’referstotheattemptofconstructingmausoleumsonmountainsorhigh-elevationland.Twotypesoftombstructuresareassociatedwithmausoleumsonmountains:verticalpitsandhorizontalpits.TheformertypewasstandardizedbyQinshihuang’smausoleumandhadsomeinfluencesinthemausoleumsduringtheEasternJin,SouthernDynasties,JinDynasty,andYuanDynasty.Incontrast,thelattertypeinitiallyappearedduringtheEasternHanperiodandwasinheritedastheprincipleofWesternJinandTangDynastiesmausoleums.TheindependentmausoleumgardensystememergedduringtheWarringStatesperiodevolvedintothemausoleumareasystemduringtheHanandJinperiods.Thissystemembodiedthedialecticrelationshipbetweentheroyalpowerandcentralizationofthecentralcourt.Also,thispatternrepresentsthecorevalueof‘buildingthestateasone’shousehold’.AftertheSongperiod,themausoleumsystemeventuallybecametheso-called‘centralizedmausoleumsystem’.TheinfluenceofKanyugeomancyhadbeenincreasinglydeepenedfromtheSouthernDynastiesonward,andwastransformedintotheideologyof‘goingafterprofitsandavoidingdisadvantages’duringtheMing-Qingperiods.ItisalsonoteworthythattheKanyugeomancyemployedbytheroyalfamilywasdifferentfromthatusedamongordinarypeople,repre...
