教材习题点拨练习1.解:(1)a+b=(3,6),a-b=(-7,2).(2)a+b=(1,11),a-b=(7,-5).(3)a+b=(0,0),a-b=(4,6).(4)a+b=(3,4),a-b=(3,-4).2.解:-2a+4b=-2(3,2)+4(0,-1)=(-6,-4)+(0,-4)=(-6,-8);4a+3b=4(3,2)+3(0,-1)=(12,8)+(0,-3)=(12,5).3.解:(1)AB=(6,9)-(3,5)=(3,4),BA=-AB=(-3,-4).(2)AB=(6,3)-(-3,4)=(9,-1),BA=-AB=(-9,1).(3)AB=(0,5)-(0,3)=(0,2),BA=-AB=(0,-2).(4)AB=(8,0)-(3,0)=(5,0),BA=-AB=(-5,0).4.解:由AB=(1,0)-(0,1)=(1,-1),CD=(2,1)-(1,2)=(1,-1),∴AB=CD,即AB∥CD.①又 AC=(1,2)-(0,1)=(1,1),∴AB与AC不共线,即A,B,C不共线.②由①②可知,AB∥CD.5.解:(1)(3,2);(2)(1,4);(3)(4,-5).6.解:由题意可得,AB=OB-OA=(6,-3)-(2,3)=(4,-6).P是线段AB的三等分点,应分AP=2PB和AP=PB两种情况讨论.当AP=2PB时,OP=OA+AP=OA+AB=(2,3)+(4,-6)=.此时点P的坐标为.当AP=PB时,OP=OA+AP=OA+AB=(2,3)+(4,-6)=.此时点P的坐标为.综上,点P的坐标为或.7.解:设P(x,y),由点P在线段AB的延长线上,且|AP|=|PB|,得(x-2,y-3)=(x-4,y+3),即解得所以点P的坐标为(8,-15).习题2.3A组1.解:设B(x,y).(1)由题意,得解得所以B(-2,1);(2)由题意,得解得所以B(0,8);(3)由题意,得解得所以B(1,2).2.解:F1+F2+F3=(3,4)+(2,-5)+(3,1)=(3+2+3,4-5+1)=(8,0).3.解法一:OA=(-1,-2),BC=(5-3,6-(-1))=(2,7),而AD=BC,所以OD=OA+AD=OA+BC=(1,5),所以顶点D的坐标为(1,5).解法二:设D(x,y),则AD=(x-(-1),y-(-2))=(x+1,y+2),BC=(5-3,6-(-1))=(2,7).由AD=BC,可得解得所以顶点D的坐标为(1,5).4.解:OA=(1,1),AB=(-2,4),AC=AB=(-1,2),AD=2AB=(-4,8),AE=-AB=(1,-2),OC=OA+AC=(0,3),所以点C坐标为(0,3);OD=OA+AD=(-3,9),所以点D坐标为(-3,9);OE=OA+AE=(2,-1),所以点E坐标为(2,-1).5.解:由a,b共线,得2×(-6)=3x.解得x=-4.6.解:AB与CD共线.7.解:A′(2,4),B′(-3,9),A′B′=(-5,5).B组1.解:(4,5);;(-5,-4);(7,8).2.解:(1)由AB=(-3,-4)-(1,2)=(-4,-6),AC=(2,3.5)-(1,2...