TypeIorIIIFNNF-�BIRF3IRF3GSDMDGSDMDporeGSDMDporeIL-1�Pro-IL-1�PyroptosisGSDMD-NCaspase11TypeIIFNLPSCaspase4/5/11ActiveCaspase4/5/11oxPAPCNLRP3NLRP3inflammasomeASCPro-Caspase1ActiveCaspase1CD14Gram-negativebacteriaOMVPRRPAMPTLR4/MD2IFN�RorIFN�RTLR4/MD2CD14???GBPISRE/GASIRF3NF-�BENDOSOMEENDOSOMEPSTATxPSTATxP544Cell168,January26,2017©2017PublishedbyElsevierInc.DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.008Seeonlineversionforlegendandreferences.SnapShot:TheNoncanonicalInflammasomeJingjinDing1,2andFengShao21NationalLaboratoryofBiomacromolecules,InstituteofBiophysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,100101,China2NationalInstituteofBiologicalSciences,Beijing,102206,China544.e1Cell168,January26,2017©2017PublishedbyElsevierInc.DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.008SnapShot:TheNoncanonicalInflammasomeJingjinDing1,2andFengShao21NationalLaboratoryofBiomacromolecules,InstituteofBiophysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,100101,China2NationalInstituteofBiologicalSciences,Beijing,102206,ChinaTheinflammasomeisalargecytoplasmicmultiproteincomplexscaffoldedbyapathogenrecognitionreceptor(PRR)thatsensesinfectionsandendogenousdangers(BrozandDixit,2016).Theinflammasomesignalsactivationofcaspase1,andactivecaspase1thenprocessesIL-1/18andtriggersalyticformofprogrammednecrosiscalledpyroptosistomountinnateimmuneresponses(Shietal.,2016).Gram-negativebacteriacanalsoinducecaspase-11-dependentpyroptosisinmousemacrophages,whichisresponsibleforendotoxemia.Caspase11,alongwithitshumancounterpartscaspase4and5,isasisterofcaspase1intheinflammatorycaspasegroup.Henceanoncanonicalinflammasomeforactivatingcaspase11isproposed(Kayagakietal.,2011).However,aPRR-mediatedinflammasomeisapparentlynotneededforcaspase11/4/5activation,andthepresumednoncanonicalinflammasomedoesnotexistinastrictsense(Yangetal.,2015).Tokeepupwiththeoriginalname,herewestillusetheterm“noncanonicalinflammasome”todescribethecaspase11/4/5activationpathway.Recentstudieshaveestablishedhowthenoncanonicalinflammasomepath...
