Chapter14Gravitation1.OriginoftheLawofGravitation2.Newton’sLawofUniversalGravitation3.TheGravitationalConstantG4.GravitationNeartheEarth’ssurface5.TheTwoShellTheorems6.GravitationalPotentialEnergy14-1Originofthelawofgravitation1.In16thcenturyCopernicus(1473~1543)proposedaheliocentric(sun-centered)scheme,inwhichtheEarthandotherplanetsmoveaboutsun.2.Kepler(1571~1630)proposedthreelaw(whichwediscussinSection14-7)thatdescribePlanet’smotions.However,Kepler’sLawswereonlyempiricalwithoutanybasisintermsofforces.14-2Newton’slawofuniversalgravitation1.GuidedbyKepler’slaws,Newtonproposedaforcelawforgravitation:Everyparticleintheuniverseattractseveryotherparticl...
