中国的仲裁制度〔英〕ArbitrationSystemArbitrationisalegalarrangementwherebybothpartiestoacivil〔commercial〕disputereachanagreementtovoluntarilysubmitthecasetoathirdpartytoadjudicateinaccordancewithspecifiedproceduresandrulesandfollowingtheprincipleofimpartiality,andwherebybothpartiesareboundtoenforcetheruling.Arbitrationisusuallyanon-governmentaltradeactivity;itrepresentsaprivateaction.Togetherwithcomposition,mediationandaction,itisacommonwaytosettlecivil〔commercial〕disputes.Arbitration,however,issubjecttostatesupervision.TheStateintervenesthroughcourtsinaccordancewithlegalprovisionsoftheplacewherethearbitrationtakesplaceinthevalidityofthearbitrationaward,themakingofarbitrationprocedures,theenforcementofawardsandinthecaseofinvoluntaryenforcementbyaparty.Arbitration,therefore,isajudicialactivityandapartofChina’sjudicialregime.TheArbitrationLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,promulgatedonAugust31,1994,unifiedarbitrationpracticesacrossthecountryandharmonizesChina’sarbitrationsystemwithinternationallyacceptedprinciples,systemsandpractices.BasicPrinciples1.Voluntarism:Partiestoadisputeshouldvoluntarilyreachanagreementtoresolvetheirdisputethrougharbitration.Anarbitrationcommitteeshallnotconsideracasewithoutapplicationfromapartytotheagreement.2.Independence:Arbitrationshouldbeindependentofanyinterferencefromadministrativebodies,socialorganizationsorindividuals.Anarbitrationagencyisnotpartoftheadministrativeapparatus.Arbitrationinstitutionsareestablishedgeographically,independentfromeachother;theyhavenoaffiliationamongthemselves.Arbitrationcommittees,arbitrationassociationsandarbitrationtribunalsarealsoindependentfromeachother,witharbitrationtribunalsadjudicatingcasesfreefrominterferencebyarbitrationassociationsorarbitrationcommittees.Courtsmustexercisethepowerofsupervisionoverarbitrationactivities;however,arbitrationisnotdependentonadjudicationandarbitrationinstitutionsarenotdependentoncourts.3.LegalityandImpartiality:TheArbitrationLawprovidesthatarbitrationshouldbeba...
