《民法典》生态环境损害代修复制度探析与优化(陕西理工大学,陕西汉中723001)摘要:《民法典》第1234条新确立了生态环境损害修复制度,其包含了侵权人直接承担以及其怠于履行生态修复责任时相关主体可自行或委托第三人代为修复,最终由责任人来承担修复费用的代修复制度。代修复制度实质上是将行为责任转化为经济责任,从而为生态修复的开展提供兜底性的保障。本文在梳理分析现有文献的基础上,从理论探寻出发明晰其法律性质,发现所存在的问题,从而提出优化路径,以助益于该制度的实施。关键词:《民法典》;生态环境损害;生态修复;代修复中图分类号:D923文献标志码:A文章编号:1674-263X(2023)01-0114-03Abstract:Article1234oftheCivilCodenewlyestablishestheentrustmentsystemofecologicalenvironmentaldamagerestoration.Itincludesasubstituterestorationsysteminwhichtherelevantsubjectcanundertaketherestorationonitsownorentrustathirdpartytodoit,iftheinfringerundertakestheecologicalrestorationresponsibilitydirectlyoriftheinfringerfailstoperformtheecologicalrestorationresponsibility,andtheresponsiblepersonwillultimatelybeartherestorationcosts.Theentrustmentrestorationsystemessentiallytransformsbehavioralresponsibilityintoeconomicresponsibility,therebyprovidingabottom-lineguaranteeforthedevelopmentofecologicalrestoration.Onthebasisofcombingandanalyzingtheexistingliterature,thispaperclarifiesitslegalnaturefromthetheoreticalexploration,findsouttheexistingproblems,andputsforwardtheoptimizationpathtohelptheimplementationofthesystem.Keywords:civilcode;ecologicalenvironmentdamage;ecologicalrestoration;entrustmentofdamagerestorationAnalysisandoptimizationoftheentrustmentsystemofecologicalenvironmentdamagerestorationintheCivilCodeLIUQiming(ShaanxiUniversityofTechnology,Hanzhong72300,China)2020年5月十三届人大三次会议审议通过的《中华人民共和国民法典》(下称《民法典》),其第1234条所确立的生态环境损害修复责任是此次《民法典》侵权责任编制定的亮点之一,其中规定了当侵权人在一定期限内未修复的,国家规定的机关或法律规定的组织可以自行或委托他人进行修复,所需费用由侵权人承担的代修复制度。该规定为环境行政主管机关以及法律所规定的环保组织赋予...