老年人口语名词产出丰富性的衰老关联度研究*刘楚群1,夏学胜1,肖祎明2(1.江西师范大学文学院南昌330022;2.江西师范大学公费师范生院南昌330022)提要文章从词汇丰富性的三个维度———密度、多样性、复杂性测算了老年人口语名词产出丰富性与衰老之间的关联度。调查显示,名词密度和名词多样性的数值,老年人整体上都要高于中年人,高龄老人明显高于低龄老人,其中75—79岁这个年龄段是名词密度上升的重要转折点;名词复杂性的数值,老年人整体上高于中年人,但高龄老人整体上要低于低龄老人,其中80—84岁是老年人名词复杂性变化的一个重要转折点。通过熵权法把密度、多样性、复杂性三项指标的数值综合成丰富性数值,得出结论:老年人口语名词产出丰富性整体上显著高于中年人,高龄老人的名词丰富性要高于低龄老人,其中75—79岁是老年人口语产出名词丰富性上升的重要转折点。总之,衰老不会导致词汇量的减少,但词汇使用有变简单的趋势。关键词老年人语言;词汇密度;词汇多样性;词汇复杂性;词汇丰富性StudyonCorrelationbetweentheProductiveRichnessofNounsandAgingLiuChuqunXiaXueshengXiaoYimingAbstractThecorrelationbetweentheproductiverichnessofnounsandagingisstudiedinthreedimensionsdensitydiversityandcomplexitySubjectsdividedintodifferentagecategoriesintheresearchthe7579agebracketistheturningpointoftherapidincreasingondensityandthedatacollectedfromtheelderlyshowastrongertendencytowardsstrengtheningdensitydiversityandcomplexitythanthosefromthemid-dle-agedThe8084agebracketistheturningpointoftheincreasingoncomplexitywhichsuggeststhosewhoareolderthan80uselessnounswithcomplexchangesthanthoseattheageof6579Allthesedataaresynthesizedintothedataonrichnessbasedonentropymethodandthosecollectedfromtheelderlyshowastrongertendencytowardsstrengtheningrichnessthanthosefromthemiddle-agedThe7579agebracketistheturningpointoftheincreasingonrichnessTheconclusionisthattheelderlyhasatendencytousemorebutsimplernounsthanthemiddle-agedKeywordslanguageoftheageingpeoplelexicaldensitylexicaldiversitylexicalcomplexitylexicalrichness名词主要用来记录人和事物的名称,其语义往往比较实在,多数名词所指称的对象具有三维空间,是最具体可感性的一类词。名词是构成句子的基础词类之一,是句子客观信息的重要...
