张瑞,等.精准医学时代胆囊癌的系统治疗——机遇与挑战并存精准医学时代胆囊癌的系统治疗——机遇与挑战并存张瑞,耿智敏西安交通大学第一附属医院肝胆外科,西安710061通信作者:耿智敏,gengzhimin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn(ORCID:0000-0003-2645-9808)摘要:胆囊癌是胆道系统最常见的恶性肿瘤类型,由于其高度的侵袭性和对传统的放化疗不敏感,极大地制约了临床疗效。近些年随着多种高通量测序技术层出不穷,对胆囊癌分子机制的认识也逐渐加深,一些潜在的治疗靶点逐渐被发现,目前相应的临床试验正在如火如荼地进行。深入探究其异质性的分子分型,对于制订个体化诊疗策略极为重要。近年来结合多组学特征提出了多种分子分型系统,使临床研究者对胆囊癌分子机制及特征有了更加深刻的认识。本文结合胆囊癌最新研究进展,探讨了胆囊癌突变靶点和分子分型等相关问题,分析了靶向治疗和免疫治疗的干预新靶标,提出了胆囊癌精准诊断和个体化治疗的新思路。关键词:胆囊肿瘤;精准医学;治疗学基金项目:国家自然科学基金(62076194);陕西省重点研发计划(2022SF-606,2022-YBSF-441)Systemictherapyforgallbladdercancerintheeraofprecisionmedicine:CoexistenceofopportunitiesandchallengesZHANGRui,GENGZhimin.(DepartmentofHepatobiliarySurgery,TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofXi’anJiaotongUniversity,Xi’an710061,China)Correspondingauthor:GENGZhimin,gengzhimin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn(ORCID:0000-0003-2645-9808)Abstract:Gallbladdercanceristhemostcommonmalignanttumorofthebiliarysystem,anditstreatmentoutcomeisgreatlylimitedbyitsinvasivenessandinsensitivitytoconventionalradiotherapyandchemotherapy.Inrecentyears,theemergenceofvarioushigh-throughputsequencingtechniqueshashelpedtodeepentheunderstandingofthemolecularmechanismsofgallbladdercancer,andpromisingtherapeutictargetshavebeenidentifiedandstudiedinclinicaltrialsatpresent.Acomprehensiveexplorationofthemolecularsubtypesofgallbladdercancerisofgreatimportancefordevelopingindividualizeddiagnosisandtreatmentstrategies.Severalmolecularsubtypingsystemshavebeenproposedbasedonmulti-omicsfeatures,whichenhancesthecomprehensionofthemolecularmechanismsandfeaturesofgallbladdercanceramongclinicalresearchers.Wi...