·36·文博·2023年第5期泾渭秦墓出土玉器研究*杨岐黄1罗晓艳2王欣亚3(1.陕西省考古研究院,陕西西安710109;2.陕西历史博物馆,陕西西安710061;3.延安大学历史文化学院,陕西延安716000)摘要:泾渭秦墓是春秋战国时期分布于关中地区泾渭之间的一处平民墓地。本文通过对泾渭秦墓出土玉器的形制与功能分类,结合墓葬形制、时代及随葬品情况,对用玉等级、性别差异等问题进行了分析讨论,并与周边地区秦墓出土玉器进行了比较研究。春秋晚期随着秦人势力不断东扩,玉器的分布从宝鸡地区向咸阳地区转移。同时,随着旧秩序的打破,平民墓中随葬玉器的比例提高,其中除了等级意义外,还附带其他社会信息。对泾渭秦墓出土玉器的研究,不仅有助于了解东周时期秦国平民的玉器随葬习俗,还为研究当时社会、政治生活提供了重要资料。关键词:泾渭秦墓玉器等级性别习俗Abstract:TheJingweiQincemeteryisacommoner'sburialsitefromtheSpringandAutumnperiodtotheWarringStatesperiodlocatedbetweentheJingandWeiRiversintheGuanzhongregion.ThisarticleanalyzesanddiscussesissuesrelatedtotheclassificationoftheformsandfunctionsofjadeartifactsunearthedfromtheJingweiQincemetery.Itcombinesevidencefromburialstructures,chronology,andburialartefactassemblage,anddiscussesquestionsconcerningtherankofjadeusageandgenderdifferences.ItalsocomparesthesefindingswithjadeartifactsunearthedfromQintombsinsurroundingregions.DuringthelateSpringandAutumnperiod,asQininfluenceexpandedeastward,thedistributionofjadeartifactsshiftedfromtheBaojitoXianyangregions.Simultaneously,withthedisruptionoftheoldorder,theproportionofjadeartifactsburiedincommoners’tombsincreased,providingnotonlyinsightsintosocialhierarchybutalsoothersocietalinformationofthetime.ThestudyofjadeartifactsfromtheJingweiQincemeterynotonlyhelpsusunderstandtheburialcustomsofcommonersintheQinstateduringtheEasternZhouperiodbutalsoprovidesvaluabledataforstudyingthesocietyandpoliticallifeofthatera.Keywords:JingweiQincemetery;jadeartifacts;hierarchy;gender;customs2001~2004年及2007年,陕西省考古研究所(今陕西省考古研究院)阳陵考古队先后两次在陕西省高陵县泾渭镇(今西安市泾渭开发区)抢救性发掘清理春秋晚期至战国晚期前段秦人...