Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourexplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar(41)______youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)_______[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfillstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitfor关注公众号【乘龙考研】获取后续课程更新关注公众号【乘龙考研】获取后续课程更新information?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonal关注公众号【乘龙考研】获取后续课程更新关注公众号【乘龙考研】获取后续课程更新responseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.[F]Inplays，novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.关注公众号【乘龙考研】获取后续课程更新关注公众号【乘龙考研】获取后续课程更新
