学术论文DOl:10.12379/j.issn.2096-1057.2024.04.13ResearchPapers公共数据国家所有制的理论和立法研究黄一川（南昌大学法学院南昌330031)(ychuan,huang@qq.com)TheoreticalandLegislativeResearchonStateOwnershipofPublicDataHuangYichuan(LawSchool,NanchangUniversity,Nanchang330031)AbstractPublicdata,referringtovariousdatacollectedorgeneratedbythestateanditsrepresentativeorganizationsintheprocessoffulfillingpublicmanagementdutiesandprovidingpublicservicesinaccordancewiththelaw,hasclearownershipasthebasisforitsregulation.Analogoustonaturalresources,publicdatasharessimilaritiesintermsofrelevancetopublicinterests,highutilitarianvalue,andrisksassociatedwithimproperuse,suggestingtheapplicabilityofstateownershipundertheframeworkoftheconstitution.Inpractice,stateownershipprovestobearelativelysoundsolutionandcaneffectivelypromotethebenigndevelopmentofpublicdataundermultiplefactors.Regardinglegislation,therehavebeencertainlocalpractices,butthefuturedirectionshouldentailcentralizedlegislationbythecentralgovernment,focusingonrefiningthestructuralallocationofdatapropertyrightsunderthepremiseofstateownership.Additionally,itisfeasibletoestablishasystemthatincludeshierarchicalclassificationandsecureprotectionofpublicdata,afoundationalsystemforrightsconfirmation,andautilizationsystememphasizingsharing,openness,andauthorizedoperation.Researchonstateownershipofpublicdataelucidatesthelegalframeworkforestablishingownershiprights,offeringapotentialapproachandproposingspecificandfeasibleinstitutionalideasbasedonthisfoundation.Keywordspublicdata;dataownership;stateownership;dataauthentication;publicdataownership摘要公共数据是履行公共管理职责与提供公共服务的国家及代表国家的组织依法履职过程中所收集或伴随产生的各类数据的统称，公共数据权属明确是其规制的基础.类比自然资源，公共数据在公共利益相关度、可利用价值高、不当使用风险等方面具有相似性，可在我国宪法框架下考虑适用国家所有制.在实践层面，国家所有制也是相对妥善的方案，并在多重动因下可有效促进公共数据良性发展.在立法方面，地方已有一定实践，未来发展方向应为...
