脑机接口替代身体“限度”的哲学审视刘光明1摘要:脑机接口的出现提供了替代身体的可能性,当下鲜有对其替代“限度”的哲学考察。首先,当下脑机接口主要涉及对“自然身体”感知和能动性的替代,但脑机接口不具备身体感知的“精准度”以及输出活动的“顺畅度”,因此这种替代是有限的。其次,身体现象学将身体作为揭示主体存在境况的关键概念,此种“泛化身体观”把握了身体的认知特征,脑机接口则忽视了此种认知功能,从而导致替代的有限性。最后,脑机接口在感知、认知和能动性上的替代限度,决定了它不是对人类以及身体活动的“模仿”和“复制”,这为未来脑机接口发展提供了新的启示。关键词:脑机接口,自然身体,泛化身体,身体哲学,哲学审视中图分类号:R-05文献标识码:A文章编号:1002-0772(2024)09-0011-05DOI:10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2024.09.03APhilosophicalReviewoftheLimitationsofBrain-computerInterfaceReplacingtheBodyLIUGuangming1.1.SchoolofMarxism,ZhejiangUniversityofFinanceandEconomics,Hangzhou310018,ChinaAbstract:Theemergenceofbrain-computerinterface(BCI)providesthepossibilityofreplacingthebody,yettherearecurrentlyfewphilosophicalinvestigationsonitsreplacement"limits".Firstly,currentBCImainlyinvolvesthesubstitutionoftheperceptionandagencyofthe"naturalbody",butBCIlacksthe"precision"ofbodilyperceptionandthe"smoothness"ofbodymovements,sothissubstitutionislimited.Secondly,phenomenologyofthebodyregardsthebodyasakeyconceptrevealingtheexistentialconditionofthesubject.This"generalizedbodyview"graspsthecognitivecharacteristicsofthebody,whichBCIoverlooks,resultinginthelimitationofsubstitution.Lastly,thelimitsofsubstitutioninperception,cognition,andagencydeterminethattheyarenot"imitations"or"replication"ofhumanandbodilyactivities,whichprovidenewinsightsforthefuturedevelopmentofBCI.KeyWords:brain-computerinterface,naturalbody,generalizedbody,bodyphilosophy,philosophicalreview脑机接口技术在人类社会发挥着愈加重要的作用,其类型众多且聚焦于不同的目标[1]。然而,无论何种类型的脑机接口,它们都在不同程度上便利了使用者的生活,这包括患者和正常人。脑机接口带来的便利性在一定程度上是由它对人类身体官能的“替代”得以实现的,即...