BonePerforationandPlacementofCollagenSpongeFacilitateBoneAugmentationShinjiShimoji,*HirofumiMiyaji,*TsutomuSugaya,*HifumiTsuji,†TetsunariHongo,*MegumiNakatsuka,*KhurshidUzZaman,‡andMasamitsuKawanami*Background:Boneperforationmayinducebonemarrowcellmigrationintoacollagenspongeonlayimplant.Thisstudyinvestigatedtheefficacyofboneperforationandcollagenspongeonlayplacementwithregardtonewboneformation.Methods:Onehundredsixtyfemursof80Wistarmaleratswereusedinfourgroups:boneperforationandsponge(PS)group:afterperforatingthefemur,fibrillarandheat-denaturedcollagen(FC-HAC)spongeswereplacedonthefemur;sponge(S)group:aFC-HACspongewasplaceddirectlyonthefemurwithoutboneperforation;perforation(P)group:fe-murperforationwithoutcollagenspongeplacement;andcon-trol(C)group:neitherboneperforationnorspongeplacementwasused.Histologicandhistomorphometricanalyseswereperformedafterthesurgery.Results:NumerousosteoblasticandfibroblasticcellswereseenduringtheearlyrepopulationinandattheperipheryofthespongeinthePSgroup.ThesecellswereseenonlyattheperipheryofthespongeintheSgroup.InthePSgroup,an-giogenesiswasnotedfrequently,anditexhibitedsignificantlygreaternewboneareacomparedtotheothergroupsatdays14and28.Conclusion:TheuseoftheFC-HACspongeontheboneperforationareaseemedtopromoteboneaugmentationbypossiblyactingasascaffoldforthebonemarrowcellsaswellasmaintainingthespacethatisnecessaryforbonegrowthtooccur.JPeriodontol2009;80:505-511.KEYWORDSBoneregeneration;collagen;perforation;ratstudies;scaffold;spacemaintenance.Varioustechniquesanddifferentmaterialsareusedforalveolarboneregenerationinverticalandhorizontalbonedefects.Bonemarrowmesenchymalstemcells(MSCs)havetheabilitytodifferentiateintodifferenttissue-formingcells1,2thatincludeboneandperiodontalcells.3Inperiodontalregenerativetherapy,theavailabilityofMSCscanbeenhancedbyperforatingthecorticalbone(decortication)4orbyanintramarrowperforation5oftheaf-fectedbonearea.Nishimuraetal.6reportedthatboneformationwasen-hancedbyalargeperforationofcorticalbonedurin...
