HandbookforClinicalTrialsofImagingandImage‐GuidedInterventionsHandbookforClinicalTrialsofImagingandImage‐GuidedInterventionsEDITEDbyNancyA.Obuchowski,PhDViceChairforQuantitativeHealthSciences,ClevelandClinicFoundation,andProfessorofMedicineattheClevelandClinicLernerCollegeofMedicineofCaseWesternReserveUniversity,USAandG.ScottGazelle,MD,MPH,PhD,FACRDirectorEmeritusoftheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalInstituteforTechnologyAssessment,ProfessorofRadiologyatHarvardMedicalSchool,andProfessorintheDepartmentofHealthPolicyandManagementattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,USACopyright©2016byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.AllrightsreservedPublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJerseyPublishedsimultaneouslyinCanadaNopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper‐copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750‐8400,fax(978)750‐4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748‐6011,fax(201)748‐6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permission.Thecontentsofthisworkareintendedtofurthergeneralscientificresearch,understanding,anddiscussiononlyandarenotintendedandshouldnotberelieduponasrecommendingorpromotingaspecificmethod,diagnosis,ortreatmentbyhealthsciencepractitionersforanyparticularpatient.Thepublisherandtheauthormakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisworkandspecificallydisclaimallwarranties,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantiesoffitnessforaparticularpurpose.Inviewofongoingresearch,equipmentmodifications,changesingovernmentalregulations,andtheconstantflowofinformationrelatingtotheuseo...