SpringerSeriesinPharmaceuticalStatisticsGroupSequentialandConfrmatoryAdaptiveDesignsinClinicalTrialsGernotWassmerWernerBrannathSpringerSeriesinPharmaceuticalStatisticsEditorsF.BretzP.MRullerT.PermuttJ.PinheiroMoreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/15122GernotWassmer•WernerBrannathGroupSequentialandConfirmatoryAdaptiveDesignsinClinicalTrials123GernotWassmerUniversityofCologneCologne,GermanyWernerBrannathUniversityofBremenBremen,GermanyISSN2366-8695ISSN2366-8709(electronic)SpringerSeriesinPharmaceuticalStatisticsISBN978-3-319-32560-6ISBN978-3-319-32562-0(eBook)DOI10.1007/978-3-319-32562-0LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016945375©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Printedonacid-freepaperThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNatureTheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerlandPrefaceDuringthelasttwodecades,therewasanintensivediscussionofastatisticalmethodologyforclinicaltrialsthatgeneralizedtheuseandconductofinterimanalyses.Usingaspecificmethodology,undercontroloftheTypeIerrorrate,itwasmadep...
