注册会计师-审计第1页第02讲销售与收款循环的实质性程序和同步系统训练Ⅲ.销售与收款循环的实质性程序Ⅲ.Substantiveproceduresforsalesandcollectioncycle1.销售与收款交易的实质性分析程序1.Substantiveanalyticalproceduresforsalesandcollectioncycle分析程序主要在综合题中进行考查。在做题时,首先将相关项目的本期与上期数进行比较。Analyticalproceduresaremainlytestedincomprehensiveproblems.Whendoingexercise,youshouldcompareamountofrelevantitemsincurrentperiodwiththatinlastperiodfirst.①将本期的主营业务收入与上期的主营业务收入进行比较,分析产品销售的结构和价格变动是否异常,并分析异常变动的原因;Comparerevenueofcurrentperiodwiththatoflastperiod,analyzesalesstructureandwhetherthepricechangeisabnormalornot,andanalyzethereasonofabnormalchange;②计算本期重要产品的毛利率,与上期比较,检查是否存在异常,各期之间是否存在重大波动,查明原因;Calculategrossprofitmarginofimportantgoodsofcurrentperiodandcompareitwiththatoflastperiod,checkwhetherthereisanyexceptionandsignificantvolatilitybetweenperiods,andfindreasons.③比较本期各月各类主营业务收入的波动情况,分析其变动趋势是否正常,是否符合被审计单位季节性、周期性的经营规律,查明异常现象和重大波动的原因;Comparethevolatilityofrevenueforeachkindineachmonthofthecurrentperiod,analyzewhetherthetendencyofchangeisnormalandinconformitywithseasonalandperiodicoperationalrulesoftheauditee,andfindthereasonsofabnormalphenomenonandsignificantvolatility;④将本期重要产品的毛利率与同行业企业进行对比分析,检查是否存在异常;Comparethegrossprofitmarginofimportantgoodsofcurrentperiodwiththatofcompaniesinsameindustry,andcheckwhetheritisabnormal;2.销售交易的细节测试2.Testsofdetailforsales(1)登记入账的销售交易是真实发生的(1)Salesrecordedinaccountactuallyoccurred注册会计师一般关心三类错误的可能性:Ingeneral,CPAshallpayattentiontothepossibilityof3typesoferrorsasfollowing:a.未曾发货却已将销售交易登记入账a.Goodsarenotshippedbutsaleshavebeenrecordedinaccounts*从主营业务收入明细账中抽取若干笔分录,追查有无发运凭证(出库单)及其他佐证,借以查明有无事实上没有...