心理咨询保密豁免规则的立法构建*任静1赵依凡2李筱永1摘要：《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》首次对心理咨询人员的保密义务做出原则性规定，与《中华人民共和国民法典》等法律规范形成了框架，但实践要求下保密豁免情形尚未形成系统性规则。基于隐私权保护和专业信任关系，探讨心理咨询保密义务的来源，提出遵循来访者对隐私的自我决定和“权益位阶理论”下保密豁免的正当性。明确心理咨询人员在涉及公共安全等利益时负有配合调查义务，面临自然人生命健康可能遭受非法侵害时的预警和保护义务以及针对未成年人和成年心智障碍者的强制报告义务，以期促进保障隐私权益和周全更优位利益的平衡。关键词：心理咨询，隐私权，保密义务，保密义务豁免中图分类号：R-05文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-0772(2024)02-0061-06DOI：10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2024.02.13LegislativeConstructionofConfidentialityExemptionRulesinPsychologicalCounselingRENJing1,ZHAOYifan2,LIXiaoyong1．1.SchoolofHealthHumanities,CapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100069,China;2.SchoolofLaw,ChinaUniver-sityofPoliticalScienceandLaw,Beijing100088,ChinaAbstract：Thepaperdiscussesthelegislativeconstructionofconfidentialityexemptionrulesinpsychologicalcounseling,particularlyinthecontextof"MentalHealthLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina".Thislawsetsfoundationalprinciplesfortheconfidentialityobligationsofpsychologicalcounselors,aligningwithlegalnormssuchasthe"CivilCodeofthePeople'sRepublicofChina".Despitethisframework,thereisalackofsystematicrulesforconfidentialityexemptionsbasedonpracticalrequirements.Thispaperemphasizestheprotectionofprivacyrightsandthetrustrelationshipsintheprofessionalcontext.Itsuggeststhatconfidentialityexemptionsshouldbeguidedbyanindividual'sself-determinationofprivacyandthelegitimacyofexemptionsunderthe"hierarchyofrightstheory".Theobligationsofpsychologicalcounselorsareoutlined,includingcooperationwithinvestigationsrelatedtopublicsafety,thedutytowarnandprotectagainstpotentialharm,andmandatoryreportingobligationsconcerningminorsandmentallydisabledadults.Theoverarchingaimistostrikeabalancebetweensafeguardingprivacyrightsandconsideringbroadersocietalinterests....
