Effectsofnoiseonvascularfunction,oxidativestress,andinflammation:mechanisticinsightfromstudiesinmiceThomasMu¨nzel1,2*,AndreasDaiber1,2,SebastianSteven1,LanP.Tran1,ElisabethUllmann1,SabineKossmann1,FrankP.Schmidt1,MatthiasOelze1,NingXia3,HuigeLi3,AntonioPinto4,PhilippWild2,4,KaiPies5,ErwinR.Schmidt6,SteffenRapp6,andSwenjaKro¨ller-Scho¨n11CenterforCardiology,CardiologyI–LaboratoryofMolecularCardiology,UniversityMedicalCenterattheJohannesGutenbergUniversityMainz,Langenbeckstr.1,55131Mainz,Germany;2GermanCenterforCardiovascularResearch(DZHK),PartnerSiteRhine-Main;3DepartmentofPharmacology;4PreventiveCardiologyandPreventiveMedicine,CenterforCardiology,UniversityMedicalCenteroftheJohannesGutenberg-UniversityMainz,Mainz,Germany;5EngineeringOfficeforNoiseProtection,Mainz,Germany;and6InstituteforMolecularGenetics,JohannesGutenbergUniversity,Mainz,GermanyReceived24August2016;revised25October2016;editorialdecision23January2017;accepted6February2017;onlinepublish-ahead-of-print17February2017Seepage2850fortheeditorialcommentonthisarticle(doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx217)AimsEpidemiologicalstudiesindicatethattrafficnoiseincreasestheincidenceofcoronaryarterydisease,hypertensionandstroke.Theunderlyingmechanismsremainlargelyunknown.Fieldstudieswithnighttimenoiseexposuredem-onstratethataircraftnoiseleadstovasculardysfunction,whichismarkedlyimprovedbyvitaminC,suggestingakeyroleofoxidativestressincausingthisphenomenon....................................................................................................................................................................................................MethodsandresultsWedevelopedanovelanimalmodeltostudythevascularconsequencesofaircraftnoiseexposure.Peaksoundlevelsof85andmeansoundlevelof72dBAappliedbyloudspeakersfor4dayscausedanincreaseinsystolicbloodpressure,plasmanoradrenalineandangiotensinIIlevelsandinducedendothelialdysfunction.NoiseincreasedeNOSexpressionbutreducedvascularNOlevelsbecauseofeNOSuncoupling.Noiseincreasedcir...
