ru-第7-8章 线粒体与叶绿体 20161101(1).pptVIP免费

1CHAPTER7MITOCHONDRIONANDCHLOROPLASTS2OUTLINE7.1Morphologystructureandchemicalcompositionofmitochondrion7.2Mitochondrionfunction7.3Geneticoriginofmitochondrion7.4Morphologystructureandchemicalcompositionofchloroplast7.5Chloroplastfunction7.6Geneticoriginofchloroplast7.7Mitochondrionvs.chloroplast37.1MorphologystructureofmitochondrionPhase-contrastliveimageofFibroblast“Thread-likegranule”mitochondrionmitochondrionFlagellumofspermEMimageofmitochondrioncristae47.1MorphologystructureofmitochondrionFissionFussion57.1Morphologystructureofmitochondrion•Outermembrane•Intermembrane•Crista•Intermembranespace•Matrix•DNA•F1particle•Ribosome6线粒体组分的分离外膜(outermenbrane)◆protein:lipid=1:1◆标志酶:单胺氧化酶(monoamineoxidase);◆外膜含有通道蛋白:孔蛋白(porin);highlypermeable:<5KDOuterbacterialmembrane（Gram-negative）7内膜(innermembrane)◆protein:lipid=3:1◆大量的心磷脂(cardiolipin),highlyimpermeable(ion);◆线粒体进行电子传递和氧化磷酸化（oxidativephosphorylation）的部位;◆3typesofenzymes:transport,synthesis,electrontransferandATPsynthesis◆标志酶是细胞色素氧化酶;89膜间隙(intermembranespace)◆标志酶:腺苷酸激酶(adenylatekinase)◆功能:核苷磷酸化:AMP+ATP2ADP线粒体基质(matrix)◆标志酶:苹果酸脱氢酶◆功能:?●代谢：丙酮酸氧化、TCA、beta氧化●合成：DNA、RNA、蛋白质10MembranetransportofMitochondria11RegulationofintracellularCa2+bymitochondrion12◆WherearetheMitochondrionproteinssynthesized?◆Howarethemitochondrionproteinstargetedtotheirlocation?Mitochondriaproteintargeting13不同类型核糖体合成的蛋白质14前导肽(leadingpeptide)蛋白质的两种运输方式细胞质中的核糖体●游离核糖体(freeribosome)；●膜结合核糖体(membrane-boundribosomes)两种运输方式●翻译后转运(post-translationaltranslocation)●共翻译转运(co-translationaltranslocation)信号序列●转运肽/前导肽(transmitpeptide/leadingpeptide)●信号肽(signalpeptide)15细胞质核糖体的蛋白质合成与去向16◆Charactersofleadingpeptide●20-80aminoacidlong，enrichedwithpostivelychargedbasicaminoacid(LysandArg);●amphipathic(hydrophobi...