CHAPTER9内膜系统与蛋白质分选EndomembraneSystemandProteinSorting25/1/262Outline9.1Overviewofendomembranesystem9.2Endoplasmicreticulum9.3Golgiapparatus9.4Lysosomesandperioxisomes9.5Molecularmechanismsofvesiculartransport9.6Secretorypathways9.7Endocyticpathways25/1/2639.1Overviewofendomembranesystem9.1.1内膜系统与膜结合细胞器◆膜结合细胞器(membrane-boundedorganelles):细胞质中所有具有膜结构的细胞器◆细胞质膜系统细胞内在生物发生上与质膜相关的细胞器：质膜+内膜◆内膜系统Nuclei、ER、Golgi、lysosome、endosomeandsecretarygranule25/1/265Themembrane-enclosedorganellesincytoplasmofeukaryoteORGANELLEDESCRIPTIONCytoplasm*Semifluidmediumsurroundedbyplasmamembrane,allorganellesfloatinthemediumNucleusThelargestandmostimportantorganellesurroundedbytwolayerofmembraneandcontainedchromatin,nucleolus,nuclearlamina,nuclearmatrixandafewRNAEndoplasmicReticulum(ER)Anetworkofinterconnectedmembranoustubulesthatcontainsspecificenzymes;smoothER(sER)lacksribosomesbutitisimportantforthesynthesisofspecialmoleculessuchasthelipidsrERisstuddedwithribosomesthatmakeproteinsGolgiApparatusStacksofmembranoussacscontainingspecialenzymesthatmodify,storeandshipproductsfromtheERtothecellmembraneorotherpartsofeukaryoticcellsOrganellethatsurroundedbysinglelayerofmembraneandcontainsenzymesthatdigestfoodandwastesineukaryoticcellsVacuolesAmembraneenclosedsacthathasdiversefunctionsineukaryoticcells,storesubstances,thecentralvacuoleinplantcellsChloroplastsorganellethatisenclosedbytwolayersofmembranes(aninnerandanoutermembrane);chloroplastsabsorbsunlightandtomakefoodmolecules(sugars)byphotosynthesisMitochondrionAnorganellethatisenclosedbytwolayersofmembranes(aninnerandanoutermembrane);aeukaryoticorganellethatplaysimportantrolesincellularrespiration;mitochondriaproduceATPwhichisthefuelthecellusesforitsvariousactivities.*Cytoplasmisnotsuggestedasorganelleandnotonlyineukaryoticcell.25/1/266ThelocationofmainfunctionsineukaryoteMainfunctionsCytologicallocationLocalizationandorganizationoffunctionPlasmamembraneandorganell...
