第二章 脂类(1).pptVIP免费

Lipid脂质1.IntroductionBiologicallipidsareachemicallydiversegroupofcompounds.Thecommonanddefiningfeatureofwhichistheirinsolubilityinwater.Thebiologicalfunctionsofthelipidsareasdiverseastheirchemistry.YoushouldknowRepresentativelipidsofeachtypechemicalstructurebiologicalfunctionphysicalpropertiesClassificationofbiologicallipids:Bychemicalcomposition:SimplelipidCompoundlipidDerivedlipidSimplelipid:FA+alcohol甘油三酯TG:Glycerol+FA腊Wax:longchainalcohol+FACH2CHOCCH2OOR1CCR3R2OOOCompoundlipidalcohol+FA+nonlipidcomponentPhospholipid磷脂---phosphate/headgroupGlycolipids糖脂---saccharide磷脂甘油磷脂鞘氨脂鞘氨醇糖脂半乳糖脂，脑苷脂鞘氨脂DerivedlipidDerivativesofthesecompounds取代烃fattyacidsandtheirsalts脂肪酸(盐)固醇类steroidhormones,sterol固醇,taurocholicacid胆酸Terpene萜pigment，香精油，天然橡胶其他：lipid-solublevitamins(VitA,D,E,K),lipoprotein,prostaglandinsClassificationofbiologicallipids:Bybiologicalfunction1.Storagelipids:fatsandoils,wax2.Structurallipidsinmembranes:phospholipids,glycolipidsandsterols3.Activelipid:Vitamin,hormone,cofactors,pigmentsandsoon.2.StoragelipidStoragelipidarederivativesoffattyacids.Triacylglycerols:fattyacidestersofglycerolWaxFattyacid脂肪酸Fattyacidsinthebodybiosynthesisfromacetyl-CoAbreakdownoffatsandphospholipidsFreefattyacidsarerarelyfoundinthebodyTheyaretransportedinthebloodcomplexedtoserumalbumin血清清蛋白Commonfattyacids----Carbonatoms:12-24,evenSynthesisoffattyacids,condensationoftwo-carbonunitsLocationofdoublebond:Δ9,Δ12,Δ15,Asimplifiednomenclature18:2(Δ9c,12c)C-cisT-trans18-carbon,C-1beingthecarboxylcarbonOnedoublebondbetweenC-9andC-10AnotherbetweenC-12andC-13Linoleicacid亚油酸Palmiticacid棕榈酸，软脂酸十六烷酸16-carbonsaturatedfattyacid16:0Stearicacid硬脂酸十八烷酸18-carbonsaturatedfattyacid18:0Oleicacid油酸，顺-9-十八碳烯酸18-carbonfattyacid,asingledoublebond18:1Δ9cPhysicalpropertiesoffattyacidssaturated(nodoublebonds)unsaturated(containoneormoredoublebonds)Almostallbiologicallyproducedunsa...