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ComputerComputerOrganization&DesignOrganization&Design——TheHardware/SoftwareInterfaceTheHardware/SoftwareInterface25/1/27125/1/272§2.1Introduction§2.1Introduction§2.2OperationsoftheComputerHardware§2.2OperationsoftheComputerHardware§2.3OperandsoftheComputerHardware§2.3OperandsoftheComputerHardware§2.4SignedandUnsignedNumbers§2.4SignedandUnsignedNumbers§2.5RepresentingInstructionsintheComputer§2.5RepresentingInstructionsintheComputer§2.6LogicalOperations§2.6LogicalOperations§2.7InstructionsforMakingDecisions§2.7InstructionsforMakingDecisions§2.8SupportingProceduresinComputerHargware§2.8SupportingProceduresinComputerHargware§2.9CommunicatingwithPeople§2.9CommunicatingwithPeople§2.10MIPSAddressingfor32-BitImmediatesandAddresses§2.10MIPSAddressingfor32-BitImmediatesandAddresses§2.11ParallelismandInstructions:Synchronization§2.11ParallelismandInstructions:Synchronization§2.12TranslatingandStartingaProgram§2.12TranslatingandStartingaProgram§2.13ACSortExampletoPutItAllTogether§2.13ACSortExampletoPutItAllTogether§2.14ArraysversusPointers§2.14ArraysversusPointersCriticalInterfacebetweenhardwareandsoftwareAnISAincludesthefollowing…InstructionsandInstructionFormats格式DataTypes,Encodings,andRepresentationsProgrammableStorage:RegistersandMemoryAddressingModes:toaddressInstructionsandDataHandlingExceptionalConditions(likedivisionbyzero)Examples(Versions)FirstIntroducedinIntel(8086,80386,Pentium,...)1978MIPS(MIPSI,II,III,IV,V)1986PowerPC(601,604,…)1993InstructionSetArchitecture(ISA)InstructionSetArchitecture(ISA)InstructionsInstructionsInstructionsarethelanguageofthemachineWewillstudytheMIPSinstructionsetarchitectureKnownasReducedInstructionSetComputer(RISC)ElegantandrelativelysimpledesignSimilartoRISCarchitecturesdevelopedinmid-1980’sand90’sVerypopular,usedinmanyproductsSiliconGraphics,ATI,Cisco,Sony,etc.ComesnextinsalesafterIntelIA-32processorsAlmost100millionMIPSprocessorssoldin2002(andincreasing)Al...