PublicHealthPracticeandImprovementFramework–PracticesandEssentialServices–公共卫生实践,改善框架-实践和关键服务-2PublicHealthInfrastructureGoal公共卫生基础设施目标Everyhealthdepartmentbetterprepared每一个卫生部门都应该准备好Everycommunitybetterprotected每一个社区都受很好的保护Whatdoesittaketobefullyprepared?如何才能做好充分的准备？3StepOne第一步1.DevelopaCommunityHealthAssessmentPlan制定社区卫生评估计划2.GatherMostImportantData收集重要数据3.InterprettheData对数据进行分析4.Report撰写报告brief,简洁tothepoint,重点突出cleardata数据明晰specificrecommendations明确的建议4AssessmentEssentialServices评价关键服务1.Monitorhealthstatustoidentifycommunityhealthproblems监测卫生现状,确定社区卫生问题2.Diagnoseandinvestigatehealthproblemsandhealthhazardsinthecommunity诊断和调查社区的卫生问题和健康危害3.Evaluateeffectiveness,accessibility,andqualityofpersonalandpopulation-basedhealthservices评价有效性,可获得性,以及个人和人群健康服务的质量5CausesofPrematureDeathintheU.S.19901990年美国过早死亡的原因Cause原因%ofTotalDeaths总死亡Tobacco烟草38%Diet/activitypatterns饮食/运动模式28%Alcohol酒精10%Microbialagents微生物8%Toxicagents毒物6%Firearms枪支4%Sexualbehavior性行为2%Motorvehicles交通事故2%Illicitdrugs非法毒品1%Source:McGinnis&Foege,JAMA1993WhatwouldbetheleadingcausesinChina?在中国首要原因是什么?6WhatisMostImportanttoMonitor?Somepossiblecriteria…监测的重点是什么？一些可能的标准Contributemosttoyearsofproductivelifelost?是否导致生产年的丧失？Affectsotherregionsandcountries?是否影响其他的区域和国家？Couldbeimprovedgreatlywithgooddata是否可以通过好的数据显著改善健康状况？7TopThreeHealthProblems?___Agingproblems老龄化___Cancers癌症___Childabuse/neglect,orphans虐待儿童___Diabetes糖尿病___DomesticViolence家庭暴力___Heartdisease/stroke心脏病/中风___bloodpressure高血压___HIV/AIDS艾滋病___Homicide他杀___InfantDeath婴儿死亡___InfectiousDiseases传染病___Mentalhealthproblems精神病___Car/Bikeinjuries车祸___Rape性暴力___Lungdisease肺病___SexualDiseases性病___Suicide自杀___Oth...
