TheScienceofColorSecondEditionDEDICATEDTOOURMENTORS:MathewAlpernClarenceH.GrahamFrancesK.GrahamAnitaE.HendricksonDavidH.KrantzJohnKrauskopfAlexE.KrillR.DuncanLuceDonaldI.A.MacLeodDavidaY.TellerBrianA.WandellDavidR.WilliamsTheScienceofColorSecondEditionEditedbyStevenK.ShevellDepartmentsofPsychologyandOphthalmology&VisualScienceUniversityofChicagoAmsterdam•Boston•Heidelberg•London•NewYork•Oxford•Paris•SanDiego•SanFrancisco•Singapore•Sydney•TokyoThisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperCopyright©2003,OpticalSocietyofAmericaFirsteditionpublished1953Secondedition2003Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,elec-tronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.ElsevierTheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UKhttp://www.elsevier.comISBN0–444–512–519LibraryofCongressCatalogNumber:2003106330AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryCoverillustration:TheFarbenpyramideofJ.H.Lambert(1772),fromChapter1inTheOriginsofModernColorSciencebyJ.D.Mollon.(ReproducedwithpermissionofJ.D.Mollon.)DesignedandtypesetbyJ&LComposition,Filey,NorthYorkshirePrintedandboundinItaly0304050607PT987654321PrefaceviiContributorsix1.TheOriginsofModernColorScienceJ.D.Mollon11.1Newton21.2Thetrichromacyofcolormixture41.3Interferencecolors141.4Theultra-violet,theinfra-red,andthespectralsensitivityoftheeye161.5Colorconstancy,colorcontrastandcolorharmony191.6Colordeficiency221.7Thegoldenage(1850–1931)261.8Nervesandsensations35Furtherreading36References362.Light,theRetinalImage,andPhotoreceptorsOrinPackerandDavidR.Williams412.1Introduction422.2Thelightstimulus422.3Sourcesoflightlossintheeye462.4Sourcesofblurintheretinalimage522.5Photoreceptoroptics612.6Photoreceptortopographyandsampling712.7Summary852.8AppendixA:Quantifyingthelightstimulus872.9AppendixB:Generalizedpupilfunctionandimageformation96Acknowledgments97References973.ColorMatchinga...