Nov2020011AbstractWritingWorkshopPostgraduateEnglishWritingNov2020012Abstract摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。其基本要素包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。摘要有短有长,但一般说来在杂志上发表的论文摘要都不宜过长,通常在100~150词左右,更确切地说,约为原文长度的1%~5%(有的杂志规定摘要平均长度为全文的3%~5%)。Nov2020013英文摘要应该用简洁、明确的语言,将论文的“目的(Purposes)”,主要的研究“过程(Procedures)”及所采用的“方法(Methods)”,由此得到的主要“结果(Results)”和得出的重要“结论(Conclusions)”表达清楚。如有可能,还应尽量提一句论文结果和结论的应用范围和应用情况。也就是说,要写好英文摘要,作者必须回答好以下几个问题:Nov20200141.本文的目的或要解决的问题(Whatistheproblem/Whatisthepurpose?)2.解决问题的方法及过程(WhatdidIdoandHowdidIdoit?)3.主要结果及结论(WhatresultsdidIgetandwhatconclusionscanIdraw?)4.本文的创新、独到之处(Whatisnewandoriginalinthispaper?)Nov2020015Nov2020016ExampleAbstractThroughastudyofwebsitedesignpractice,weobservedthatwebsitedesignersdesignsitesatdifferentlevelsofrefinement—sitemap(地位级图),storyboard(情节串连图板),andindividualpage—andthatdesignerssketchatalllevelsduringtheearlystagesofdesign.However,existingwebdesigntoolsdonotsupportthesetasksverywell.Informedbytheseobservations,wecreatedDENIM,asystemthathelpswebsitedesignersintheearlystagesofdesign.DENIMsupportssketchinginput,allowsdesignatdifferentrefinementlevels,andunifiesthelevelsthroughzooming.Weperformedaninformalevaluationwithsevenprofessionaldesignersandfoundthattheyreactedpositivelytotheconceptandwereinterestedinusingsuchasystemintheirwork.Nov2020017ExampleAbstractThroughastudyofwebsitedesignpractice,weobservedthatwebsitedesignersdesignsitesatdifferentlevelsofrefinement—sitemap,storyboard,andindividualpage—andthatdesignerssketchatalllevelsduringtheearlystagesofdesign.However,existingwebdesigntoolsdonotsupportthesetasksverywell.Informedbytheseobservations,wecreatedDENIM,asyste...