1韩北忠中国农业大学食品学院HanBei-zhong,Prof.PhDCollegeofFoodScience&NutritionalEngineeringChinaAgriculturalUniversity抗生素发酵生产技术AntibioticsFermentationProduction21.概述2.生产前期研究3.生产菌改良4.生产工艺过程5.发酵条件的控制6.提取和精制1.Introduction2.ResearchinLab3.Strainimprovement4.Productionprocessing5.Fermentationcontrol6.Isolation&purification抗生素发酵生产技术AntibioticsFermentationProduction3抗生素是生物在其生产活动过程中所产生,并能在低微浓度下有选择性地抑制或杀灭其他微生物或肿瘤细胞的有机物。AntibioticsAnyorganicsubstancesproducedbyvariousorganismsthathavethepowerofarrestingthegrowthofothermicroorganismsorofdestroyingthem.1.概述Introduction4历史•1929年,英国弗莱明发现青霉素•二战期间,大规模发酵生产•世界上最早用于临床的抗菌素History•PenicillinwasdiscoveredbyFlemingin1929.•WorldWarII,fermentedinlarge-scale•Thefirstmajorantibiotictobecommercialized1.概述Introduction5根据抗生素的作用机制分类(ModesofActionofAntibiotics)•抑制细胞壁合成(CellWallSynthesis):青霉素•抑制细胞膜功能(CellMembraneDamage):多烯类抗生素•抑制蛋白质合成(ProteinSynthesis):四环素•抑制核酸合成(NucleicAcidSynthesis):丝裂霉素分类Classification1.概述Introduction6复制翻译转录7根据抗生素的化学结构分类•β-内酰胺类(β-lactam):青霉素类(penicillins)头孢菌素类(cephalosporins)•氨基糖苷类(aminoglycosides):链霉素、庆大霉素•大环内酯类(macrolides):红霉素、麦迪加霉素•四环类(tetracyclines):四环素、土霉素•多肽类(polymyxin):多粘菌素分类Classification1.概述Introduction8HNONSCH3CH3HCOO-H-lactamringβ-内酰胺环RnaturalpenicillinR=CH2-CO-9β-内酰胺环10两性霉素Antibioticsaresocomplextheycanonlybesynthesizedinalivingsystem11•产生菌的筛选•抗菌性试验•提取、精制、鉴定•毒性试验•药理和临床试验•Screeningofastrain•Antimicrobialtrial•Isolation,purificationandidentification•Toxicologicaltrial•Medicinal&clinicaltrial2.生产前期研究ResearchinLab12Agardiffusionassayagarplate琼脂培养基lawnoftestbacteria测试菌苔filterpaperssoakedwithtestcompounds含药物滤纸zonesofinhibition(nogrowth)抑菌圈...