吴树敬园艺科学与工程学院第六讲Harvesting果实采收采后管理及质量控制一、果蔬质量控制的概念一、果蔬质量控制的概念二、果蔬成熟的指标判断二、果蔬成熟的指标判断三、果蔬采后生理与储运三、果蔬采后生理与储运MaincontentsMaincontentsQualityandharvestofhorticulturalproductsThequalityoffreshfruitsandvegetablescanbedescribedinvariouswayssuchasmarketquality,ediblequality,nutritionalquality,storagequality,shippingquality,visualqualityandinternalquality.Peoplejudgehorticulturalproductsasgoodqualityiftheylookgood,arefirm,andoffergoodflavorandnutritivevalue.Majorqualityfactoroffreshhorticulturalcropsincludeappearance,texture,flavor,nutritivevalue,andsafety.Therearevariouscomponentsofeachqualityfactor.Appearancecomponentsincludesize,shapeandform,color,gloss,andfewdefectscausedbyphysicalandmechanicalinjuries,physiologicaldisorder,orinsectandmicroorganismattaches.Texturefactorsoffruitsandvegetablesincludefirmness,crispness,juiciness,mealiness,andtoughness.Texturequalityisnotonlyimportantforeatingandcookingbutalsofortheirshipping.Flavoroffruitsandvegetablesinvolvesperceptionofthetastesandaromasofmanycompounds.Itconsistsofsweetness,sourness,astringency,bitterness,aroma,off-flavorandoff-odors.Texturefactorsoffruitsandvegetablesincludefirmness,crispness,juiciness,mealiness,andtoughness.Texturequalityisnotonlyimportantforeatingandcookingbutalsofortheirshipping.Nutritivevalueoffruitsandvegetablesincludescarbohydrates,proteins,lipids,vitamins,andminerals.Safetyfactorsarenaturaltoxicants,contaminants,mycotoxins,andmicrobialcontamination.Postharveststorageconditionsgreatlyaffectqualityfactorsandcomponentsoffreshfruitsandvegetables.Inmostfreshcommodities,therateofdeteriorationinnutritionalqualityisfasterthanthatinflavorquality,whichislostatafasterratethantextureandappearancequalities.Thus,storagelifebasedonappearanceisoftenlongerthanthatbasedonmaintenanceofgoodflavor(tastelife).Inaddition,maturityisalsoconsideredonecomponentofqualityformanyfruitsandvegetables.Fruitmaturityatharvestisthemostimpo...
