1●Foldingandassemblyofnascent(初生的)polypeptidesBip(heavy-chainBindingprotein):aHsp70-likechaperoneproteinbindstotheunfoldedpolypeptidechainandmediatesproteinfoldingandtheassemblyofmultisubunitproteinswithintheER2---内质网上合成的不能正确折叠的无效蛋白被内质网膜上一种Sec61复合物转运体(Sec61translocator)运出内质网腔,进入细胞质溶质,随后胞质中N-聚糖酶将该蛋白中连在天冬酰胺上的寡糖链切除,最后通过泛素化降解折叠好的蛋白就可以通过小泡运出。3Glycogendecomposition(糖原分解)葡萄糖磷酸变位酶糖原颗粒附着于SER的胞质面◆FunctionsofSER4Synthesisandtranslocationofphospholipids(磷脂)磷脂酸Synthesis胞嘧啶核苷二磷酸(CDP)脂肪酰基CoA卵磷脂----TheenzymesforlipidsynthesislieintheSERmembrane,theiractivitysitesfacetothecytosol;substratesfromthecytosol,phospholipidtranslocators(磷脂转位子)orflippases(转位酶)transferthephospholipidsintoERlumen.卵磷脂CoA转移酶3-磷酸甘油乙酰转移酶酰基转移酶磷脂酸磷酸酶二酰基甘油磷酸胆碱转移酶转位酶Detoxification(解毒):oxygenases(cytochromeP-450:含血红素蛋白的氧化酶)Ca2+storage(钙库):Ca2+-ATPasesinthesarcoplasmicreticulummembrane(胞质10-7mol/LCa2+,内质网腔10-2mol/LCa2+)Synthesisofsteroidhormones(类固醇激素:生殖腺内分泌细胞和肾上腺皮质)7●Exportofproteinsandlipids82)Golgicomplex(GC)orGolgiapparatus◆1898-CamilloGolgi(Italian)硝酸银染色发现猫头鹰和猫的神经细胞中靠近核的位置有一种巨大的黑色网状结构--内网器(internalreticularapparatus)--高尔基体(Golgibody)(1)Structure◆Shape--4-8flattenedmembranevesiclesorsacs(cisternea)surroundedbyanumberofdifferentsizesofsphericalmembranevesicles.光镜:网状结构9◆StructureofGCmedialcisternae(中间潴泡)bow-shapedtowardthenucleustowardplasmamembrane10从顺面至反面的几个功能明显的功能域:顺面高尔基网络(Cis-GolgiNetwork:CGN,也称为高尔基内侧网络),顺面潴泡(Ciscisternae),中间潴泡(medialcisternae),反面潴泡(Transcisternae),反面高尔基网络(TransGolgiNetwork:TGN也称为高尔基外侧网络)11FunctionofCGN:GCentrance,itsmembranesimilartothatofER.acceptance,identificationandclassificationofsubstanc...