5.Cytoplasm(细胞质)崔香环：cuixh@tongji.edu.cn2Cytoplasm(细胞质)Cytoplasm:Allofsemitransparent(半透明的),gel-like(胶状的)andgranular(颗粒状)substancesexceptfornucleus(细胞核)ornuclearzone(核区)enclosedbyplasmamembrane3Components(成分)ofcytoplasm•Cytosol(细胞质基质或胞质溶胶):–dissolvednutrients(aminoacids,fattyacids,saccharides)andwasteproducts–dissolvedmacromolecules,suchasRNAsandproteins(enzymes-酶，cytoskeleton-细胞骨架)–manysalts(无机离子)andwater•Organelles(细胞器):Membrane-boundedorganellesandRibosomes（prokaryotes-原核生物）？•Cytoplasmicinclusions(包涵物):granuleswithtypicalshapesandwithoutmetabolicactivity.---glycogen(糖原)granulesstoringenergy---fatdropstoringfattyacidsandsterols（固醇,甾酮）---secretorygranulesstoringproenzyme（酶原）4胰腺外分泌腺细胞内大量胰酶原分泌颗粒肝细胞分泌类固醇激素的细胞内脂滴Cytoplasmicinclusions5•Metabolicpathways,biochemicalreactionsandUbiquitin-proteasomesystem（泛素-蛋白酶体系统）•Maintenanceofcellshapeandmovement•stabilizingtheintracellularenvironment•Participatingincellsignaltransduction•Functionsoforganelles•Storage（贮存）2)Functionsofcytoplasm6◆Thesecretorypathway:L.CaroandG.Palade(1969)●pancreatictissue（胰腺组织）:culturingintheculturemediumaddingaminoacids(3H-Leu)byisotope（同位素）labeling●pulse-chaseexperimentandAutoradiography胰腺外分泌细胞豚鼠胰腺组织块yeastmutantsrelativewithendomembranefunctionsMutationsEndomembraneSystem(内膜系统)9OUTLINEConceptsofEndomembraneSystemComponentofEndomembraneSystem●EndoplasmicReticulum（ER）●Golgicomplex(GC)●Lysosomes(溶酶体)CharacteristicsofendomembranesystemBiologicalsignificanceofendomembranesystems101.TheconceptsofEndomembraneSystem:allmembrane-enclosedcompartmentsinthecytosol,whicharecorrelativeinstructure,functionandbiogenesis(生物发生)ofmembrane,includingEndoplasmicReticulum,Golgicomplex,lysosomes,endosomes(胞内体或内体)andsecretoryvesicles(分泌泡).11◆Membrane-boundedorganelles:allorganelleswithmembranestructureinthecytosol.细胞膜、生物膜、细胞内膜系统...
