多媒体课件材料成形力学主讲王平东北大学材料与冶金学院第五章极限分析原理5.1数学基础:求和约定表示法1a2a3aiai=1,2,313=31333231322212312111aaaaaaaaaijai,j=1,2,329=3227个数ijkai,j,k=1,2,3327=33i,j,k:自由下标ijklaijklma不重复jiba注意kijba一、自由下标332313322212312111,,,,,,,,babababababababababaji332211bababaiibai=1,2,313=31333333223311223322222211113311221111aaaaaaaaa332211aaaiiaiijja29=32重复出现的下标叫哑标:表示从1到3求和jiijcba二、哑标jijba333232131323222121313212111bababababababababa例如带有微分的求和约定表示法3322113,32,21,1,xaxaxaaaaaii333232131.323222121313212111xaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxa232222212xaxaxaiiijija,jjia,力学方程的求和约定表示(1)应力、应变张量zyzxzzyyxyzxyxxTijzyzxzzyyxyzxyxxTij(2)力平衡微分方程0zyxzxyxx0zyxzyyxy0zyxzyzxz0,jij(3)应力边界条件jijinpnmlnj,,(4)几何方程zuxuyuzuxuyuxzzxzyyzyxxy212121zuyuxuzzyyxxijjiijuu,,21ijjiijdudud,,21ijjiijvv,,21ijjiijdvdvd,,21nmlSPzxyxxxxnmlSPzyyxyyynmlSPzyzxzzz(5)体积不变条件03322110ijij克罗内尔记号ijjiji01ijij(6)本构方程yxyyzxzxzxyzxyyzzxdddddddddijij(7)屈服准则22222222266szxyzxyxzzyyxk22232ksijij(8)等效应力,等效应变222'22221362exyyzzxxyyzzxIijij23222222692zxyzxyxzzyyxeddddddddddijijijijdddd323925.2极限分析的基本概念什么是上界法和下界...