1爱因斯坦对二十一世纪理论物理学的影响2爱因斯坦是二十世纪最伟大的物理学家3他与牛顿是历史上最伟大的两位物理学家4深广创新坚持孤独5二十世纪之三大革命中两个是他创建的。另一个他作了奠基性的贡献。6第一个革命狭义相对论7Einsteinaspatentclerk,ca.190581887Michelson-MorleyLorentz(1853-1928)Poincare(1854-1912)Fitzgerald(1851-1901)Lamor(1857-1942)910Lorentzwrotein1915(Paisp.167):“Thechiefcauseofmyfailurewasmyclingingtotheideathatonlythevariabletcanbeconsideredasthetruetimeandthatmylocaltimet'mustberegardedasnomorethananauxiliarymathematicalquantity.”11Lorentz有了数学,但未懂其物理意义。12Poincarein1904(In
AIPpublicationonHistory,volume5,1986)13“Theprincipleofrelativity,accordingtowhichthelawsofphysicalphenomenashouldbethesame,whetherforanobserverfixed,orforanobservercarried14alonginauniformmovementoftranslation;sothatwehavenotandcouldnothaveanymeansofdiscerningwhetherornotwearecarriedalonginsuchamotion.”1516“同时间”(simultaneity)之相对性17Poincare有了哲学,但未懂其物理意义18是一位26岁的小职员真懂了“相对”的革命性的物理意义19第二个革命广义相对论2021关于广义相对论之最早起源,爱因斯坦晚年写道:22“…thatthebasicdemandofthespecialtheoryofrelativity(invarianceofthelawsunderLorentz-transformations)istoonarrow,i.e.thataninvarianceofthelawsmustbepostulatedalsorelativetonon-lineartransformations23ofthecoordinatesinthefour-dimensionalcontinuum.Thishappenedin1908.”Einstein:AutobiographicalNotesin,ed.P.A.Schilpp,p.6724宇宙学几何学统一场论规范场25第三个革命量子力学26PlanckEinsteinBohrdeBroglieHeisenbergSchrödingerBorn271905Energy=hν1916Momentum=hν/c28Bose-EinsteinStatistics1924-1925Bose-EinsteinCondensation192529Einsteinwasgivingalecturein1922attheCollegedeFranceinParis30统一场论31统一场论虽然至今还未成功,但将持续为基础物理学的目标32EinsteininPrinceton33“Therewasneveranyattemptbyhimtobrowbeatus.Hemadeusfeelextremelycomfortableintellectuallyandemotionally.”Hoffmann,Woolfp.47634爱因斯坦的非专业性文章十分简短,但是往往非常深刻。35“人类最美的经验是神秘感。神秘感是真艺术与真科学的真源泉。”36“一般不认识到一个人的品德与他(她)的学术贡献有极大关系”