Stereochemistry第五章立体化学OrganicChemistryA(1)ByProf.LiYan-MeiTsinghuaUniversityContentContentContent5.1Introduction5.1Introduction5.2Moleculewithoneasymmetriccarbon5.2Moleculewithoneasymmetriccarbon5.3Moleculewithtwoasymmetriccarbon5.3Moleculewithtwoasymmetriccarbon5.4Moleculewithmorethantwoasymmetric5.4Moleculewithmorethantwoasymmetriccarboncarbon5.5Cycliccompound5.5Cycliccompound5.6Other5.6Otherchiralchiralmoleculesmolecules5.7Measureofpolarityand5.7Measureofpolarityandreslutionreslutionofofracemicracemiccompoundscompounds5.1.15.1.1ChiralityChiralityNicol5.1Introduction5.1IntroductionPlane-polarizedlight平面偏振光（偏振光）NicolLightsourceNon-chiralcompounds,likewater该化合物“无旋光性”“无光学活性”NicolLightsourceChiralcompounds,likelacticacid该化合物具有“旋光性”为“旋光物质”或“光活性物质”偏转角旋光度物质的旋光性：物质使偏振光振动平面发生旋转的性质Specificrotation比旋光度[α]=100α/(cl)[α]D25=100α/(cl)D:theDlineofasodiumlamp(λ=589.6nm)TheThePolarimeterPolarimeterα：旋光度c：样品的浓度（100mL溶液中样品的克数）l：盛液管的长度（单位：cm）5.1.2AsymmetriccarbonatomInthe19thcentury,severalasymmetriccrystalswerediscovered.Also,thesolutionsobtainedfromtheasymmetriccrystalswereasymmetric.LouisPasteurCOOHCOOHHOHOCOOHCOOHHOHO什么样的化合物具有旋光性？notnotsuperposablesuperposableChirality手性晶体结构中缺少某种对称因素，导致实物与镜像互不重合从而推测具有手性的分子，其结构中也因缺少某种对称因素，导致实物与镜像互不重合判判据：据：实物与镜像不能重合实物与镜像不能重合分子具有手性分子具有手性充分且必要充分且必要1874NewzealandVan’tHoffThecarbonatomlinkingfourdifferentgroupsoratomsiscalledan“asymmetriccarbon”.Asymmetriccarbon不对称碳原子：与四个互不相同的一价基团相连接的碳原子。加“*”表示Ifansymmetriccarboncanbesubstitutedandbecomesasymmetric,itiscalleda“prochiralcarbon”.ProchiralcarbonAnymoleculewithsuchacarbonmolecule,whichislinkedtofourdifferentgroupsoratoms,showssomechirality.StereocenterVan’tHoff认为含有不对称碳的分子具有旋光性。优点：使用方便缺点：很...
