第3章正弦交流电路习题解答3.1已知两正弦电流Ati)30314sin(2501�+=,Ati)60314sin(2252�−=。试求各电流的频率、最大值、有效值和初相位,画出两电流的波形图,并比较它们相位超前与滞后的关系。解srad/314=ω,Hzf502==πω,2501=mIA,501=IA,°=301iψ,2252=mIA,252=IA,°−=602iψ,°=°−−°=−=90)60(3021iiψψϕ,超前于90°。1i2i题解图3.1电流的波形图i/Aωt0i260°30°i12502252ππ3.2已知某负载的电压和电流的有效值和初相位分别是60V、45°;3A、-30°,频率均为100Hz,(1)写出它们的瞬时值表达式;(2)画出它们的波形图;(3)计算它们的幅值、角频率和它们之间的相位差。解(1))45628sin(260)(°+=ttuV;)30628sin(23)(°−=ttiA。(2)波形如题解图3.2。(3)260=mUV,23=mIA,srad/628=ω,°=°−−°=75)30(45ϕ1题解图3.2波形图uiωt0i30°u45°π2π260V23A3.3已知相量AjI)636(1+=•,AjI)636(2−=•,AjI)636(3+−=•和AjI)636(4−−=•,试分别把它们改写为极坐标式,画出相量图,并写出正弦量i1、i2、i3和i4,(设ω=314rad/s)。解+j+10•1I•2I•3I•4I+6-63636−题解图3.3相量图121366)36(22=+=+=IA,°===3033arctan366arctanψ,°=•30/121IA,°−=•30/122IA,°=•150/123IA,°−=•150/124IA,)30314sin(2121°+=tiA,)30314sin(2122°−=tiA,)150314sin(2123°+=tiA,)150314sin(2124°−=tiA3.4已知电压)60314sin(2801�+=tuV,)30314sin(2602�−=tuV。试分别写出各电压的最大值相量、有效值相量,用相量法计算电压21uuu+=,并画出相量图。解最大值相量(幅值相量)°=•60/2801mUA,°−=•30/2602mUA有效值相量°=•60/801UV,°−=•30/602UV°−+°=+=•••30/6060/8021UUU2)30sin(60)30cos(6060sin8060cos80°−+°−+°+°=jj28.3996.913096.5128.6940jjj+=−++=°=+=13.23/10096.9128.39arctan/28.3996.9122V)13.23314sin(2100°+=tuV-30°23.13°+12•U•U1•U题解图3.4相量图3.5题图3.5所示是电压和电流的相量图,已知U=220V,I1=10A,I2=25A,频率为50Hz,试分别用相量和瞬时值表达式表示各正弦量,并用相量法求。•••+=21IIIU�45°题图3.51I�U�2I�45°题解图3.51I�I�解sradf/3145014.322=××==πω°=•0/220UV,ttu314sin2220)(=V3°=•90/101IA,)90314sin(210)(1°+=ttiA°−=•45/252IA,)45314sin(10)(2°−=ttiA°−+°=+=•••45/2590/1021III)45sin(25)45cos(2510°−+°...