01.PESTELModel词汇:Model:模型Macroenvironment:宏观环境Political:政治的Taxationpolicy:税收政策Governmentstability:政府稳定性Foreigntrade:外贸Regulation:法规Economic:经济的Environment:环境Interestrate:利率Inflation:通货膨胀Businesscycle:商业周期;经济周期Unemployment:失业Disposableincome:可支配收入;disposable:可处置的Social:社会的Culture:文化;Cultural,文化的Demographics:人口统计资料Mobility:流动性;移动性;Incomedistribution:收入分配Lifestyle:生活方式Attitude:态度attitudeto:…的态度Leisure:闲暇,休闲;Consumerism:消费主义(一种以消费来刺激经济的主张;亦指专心于或倾向于购买消费品)Technological:技术的,科技的Influence:(及物动词)影响Governmentspending:政府支出R&D:ResearchandDevelopment研究与发展Focus:聚焦;焦点Obsolescence:过时;rateofobsolescence:淘汰速度,更新换代速度Ecological:生态的,生态学的Monopoly:垄断Legislation:立法Environmentprotectionlaw:环境保护法ThePESTELmodelstudiesthemacroenvironmentinthefollowingaspects:PESTEL模型主要从以下几方面来研究宏观环境:1.Political.Thepoliticalenvironmentincludestaxationpolicy,governmentstabilityandforeigntraderegulations.政治环境。政治环境包括税收政策、政府稳定性和外贸法规等因素。2.Economic.Theeconomicenvironmentincludesinterestrates,inflation,businesscycles,unemployment,disposableincomeandenergyavailabilityandcost.经济环境。经济环境包括利率、通货膨胀水平、商业周期、失业水平、可支配收入和能源供应及成本等因素。3.Social.Thesocial/culturalenvironmentincludespopulationdemographics,socialmobility,incomedistribution,lifestylechanges,attitudestoworkandleisure,levelsofeducationandconsumerism.社会文化环境。社会文化环境包括人口统计情况、社会流动性、收入分配、生活方式变迁、工作休闲态度、教育水平和消费理念等因素4.Technological.Thetechnologicalenvironmentisinfluencedbygovernmentspendingonresearch,newdiscoveriesanddevelopment,governmentandindustryfocusoftechnologicaleffort,speedoftechnologicaltransferandratesofobsolescence.技术环境。科技环境通常受政府在研发方面支出水平的影响,同时也受政府、行业确定...