Borntowin2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theoriesontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehaviortheywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthroughwithothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesintotheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimeslackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandaretocriticism.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectlyjuvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythattofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayinleadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.Familieshavealsochangestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathomewascommoninthetraditionalfamily.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Othercausesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreasedofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowingofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.21.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering[D]commenting22.[A]before[B]unless[C]until[D]because23.[A]interaction[B]assimilation[C]cooperation[D]consultationBorntowin24.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference[D]response25.[A]or[B]butrather[C]but[D]orelse26.[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting[D]discarding27.[A]on[B]in[C]for[D]with28.[A]immune[B]res...
