PresentperfecttensePresentperfecttense现在完成时•构成构成::•用法一：用法一：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.have/has+过去分词AdverbsoftimeAdverbsoftimebefore,bynow(sofar),once,twice…,just,recentlyyet(否/疑),already(肯),ever,never,allone’slife,in/duringthepast/last5years,ExercisesExercises•1.I________(have)lunchalready..•2._____thetrain_______(arrive),yet?•3.Tome____never_______(be)toChina.•4.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.•5.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.•☆6.Manytallbuildings___________(build)inthepast5years.havehadarrivedhasbeenhasseensawhavebeenbuiltHas•用法二：for+一段时间since+时间点since+句子（一般过去时）E.g.Katehaslivedherefor3years.Katehaslivedheresince3yearsago.KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina.表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变•arrive/come/gotodie•becomeaborrow•leave/move•buyopen•join•start/beginfinish/end•catchacoldgetup•gettoknowgetout•closewakeup•gotosleep•becomeinterestedinbeinbedeadhavekeepbeaway/beoutbeabein/amemberofbeopenbeonbeoverhaveacoldbeupknowbeoutbeclosedbeawakebeasleep/sleepbeinterestedinExercisesExercises•Hisgrandfatherhasdied.(for2years)•Thefootballmatchhasbegun.(since9:00a.m)•Thetwinshavejoinedthearmy.(sincetheyare18yearsold)•MyteacherhasjustleftNanjing.(for3days)Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/beeninthearmysincetheyare18yearsold.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3dayshave/hashave/hasgonetogonetohave/hashave/hasbeentobeentohave/hashave/hasbeeninbeenin•have/hasgoneto:已经去了某地或人还在途中，人还没有返回；•have/hasbeento:曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;•have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。ExercisesExercises•Tom在哪儿？他去书店买书了。•我在北京待了5年了。•Jack去过上海两次了-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.Correcting•1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.•2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.•3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.•4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.•5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?havekepthasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmysince5yearsago/for5yearscamedidcatch•6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.•7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.•8.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?•9.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwicehashasbeenindidopenbeento
