第1页共1页2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试试题【A】卷科目代码:806科目名称:综合考试考生须知1.答案须写在答题纸密封线内,写在试题卷、草稿纸等均视为无效。2.答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。3.交卷时,请本人将答题纸放入试题袋内,密封后在封条与试卷袋骑缝处亲笔签名。一、名词解释(每小题5分,共6小题,共30分)1.石牌制2.《文化模式》3.民族识别4.干栏建筑5.图腾崇拜6.追踪调查二、简答题(每小题12分,共5小题,共60分)1.民族区域自治政策有哪些优越性?2.简述斯大林的民族定义四要素。3.谈谈你对主位研究和客位研究的理解。4.简述刀耕火种的生计方式。5.简述民族问题五种丛书的种类。三、论述题(每小题20分,共2小题,共40分)1.试述1978年以来中国民族学发生的重大变化以及四十年来的发展分期。2.试述民族学田野调查的具体方法,并分别进行介绍。四、请将以下英文翻译成中文(每小题10分,共2小题,共20分)1.ThewordethnicisderivedfromtheGreekworkethnikos,whichtranslatestomean“nations”inEnglish.ThewordwasinitiallyappliedtoEuropeanimmigrantssuchastheItalians,Germans,Poles,andothernationalgroupswhocametotheUnitedStatesinlargenumbers,especiallybetween1900and1925.Today,ethnicityisgivenawiderdefinitionandmanyalsorefertogroupmembershipbasedonreligion,language,orregion.Usingthewordinthissense,Jews,Mormons,Latinos,andwhiteSouthernerscanbeconsideredethnicgroups.2.Thetermculturemeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Inthemindsofmanypeople,itisassociatedwithsuchactivitiesasattendingtheopera,Listeningtoclassicalmusic,andgoingtoartmuseums.Theperspectivelinksculturetothewealthy,affluent,orupperclassesandisreferredtobysomesociologistsaseliteculture.Thus,accordingtothisdefinition,relativelyfewofushaveculture.Ifyouwantedtobecomepartofthisculture,youmightbeginbystudyingMozart,Rembrandt,andChaucer.